tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-54589945924206245442024-03-13T11:09:27.210-07:00Website that writes essay for youMass Media Essay Topics For Ieltsrhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-71169983171474237972020-08-26T07:26:00.001-07:002020-08-26T07:26:16.421-07:00buy custom Incapacitating the Terrorist Networks essaypurchase custom Incapacitating the Terrorist Networks article There should be a durable answer for be issue of fear based oppression. The way that these gatherings continue joining when they are disbanded requires their crippling. The government and its partners are causing endeavors to deny the fear mongers what they to require to endure and work abroad. The United States means to reveal the fear mongers refuges from the country. To accomplish this, the legislature has put forth attempts to comprehend the patterns, moves and occasions that make place on the land air, space and sea (Bush, 2007, standard. 14). This requires the comprehension of the day by day event of the exercises. With such information it turns out to be very simple to distinguish any inconsistency in the event of occasions which could be signs of psychological oppressor exercises. This is made conceivable by the utilization of Intelligence drove policing. Is it conceivable to weaken the al Qaeda? It ought to be noticed that as much as Intelligence drove policing may be acceptable technique to seeing inconsistency events in the general public; it may now and again be not exactly compelling in checking the spread of psychological warfare. The explanation behind this stand is the dynamism shown by the individuals from the al Qaida. Bramble (2007) accepts that fear based oppressors are probably going to change their strategies of pursuing psychological warfare (standard. 15). This ought not be underestimated in light of the fact that as information is being scattered it gets feasible for psychological oppressors to comprehend the security frameworks. Moreover, it tends to be basic for the fear based oppressors to strike exclusively. These are only a portion of the difficulties which are being looked by the legislature. Still there are further stresses over the simplicity with which a portion of the weapons can be conceived. On the off chance that we take the case of the ad libbed dangerous gadgets (IED) a similar which were disturbed in the 2006 U.K based plot to explode some business carrier (Bush p. 20). The fear based oppressor do ot need to try hefting around these weapons as they ca n be effortlessly contrived in the country. Is absurd to expect to devise such weapons from the country inns rooms? To answer that consider what Bush (2007) composes concerning their conceiving, given the prepared accessibility of IED segments and the relative mechanical straightforwardness with which they can be formed (Bush standard. 20). This shows the powerlessness of to which the country is presented to. Are the contentions above intended to belittle the endeavors being out forward by the country safety efforts? The appropriate response is no. All things considered, as indicated by Carafano (2007) there have been 19 endeavored which have ruined by country security (check in the record outline II) (standard. 3). The contentions above are implied, actually, to fortify the country security framework. On the off chance that you consider Diagram 1 beneath, the country security framework works in four levels which continue exchanging as clarified previously. The country security framework should utilize these realities to make enhancements in its activities. The division ought to connect more insight specialists from outside America to empower it battle fear mongering. The countries of the world should see fear based oppression as a shared adversary of harmony and in this manner pool assets particularly insight reports to empower the finding of the psychological oppressors asylums and furt hermore upset any arranged psychological oppressor act. It will be of critical assistance if the administration steps to the forts of the fear monger gatherings and evacuate them. President Obama has taken activities to take the war to the places of refuge of the fear monger. The president advocates for coordinated effort procedure to happen particularly between the legislature of U.S. what's more, Pakistan which is known to give a place of refuge to the psychological oppressors (Eisenhower, 2009, standard. 6). Eisenhower (2009) contends that the al Qaida administration has traversed from the Afghanistan to the remote pieces of Pakistan. In these zones the gathering leeaders have been leading preparing for new individuals and speaking with the remainder of the gathering individuals (Eisenhower, 2009, standard. 7). By evacuating these gatherings there will have no base to work from thus they would have been crippled. The Obama organization are progressing nicely however there are locales which are giving or can without much of a stretch give places of refuge to the al Qaida gathering. A case of such a district is Somali. This district doesn't have a steady government and recently there have been such a significant number of instances of high ocean robbery starting from this locale. The Somali privateers have made a great deal uneasiness the boat employing that course of the ocean. Such a locale an area can without much of a stretch pull in a gathering, for example, al Qaida to settle in the district and use robbery as a methods for getting cash in type of payoff to accomplish its targets. The U.S. should provoke the UN to balance out the area to maintain a strategic distance from another rearing district for the al Qaida. Shrub (2007) makes far located suggestion on the psychological oppression issues. He accepts that there is a requirement for the Islamic countries to show philosophies which advance harmony. Structure ought to be set up to guarantee that the belief systems are educated. Spreading of contempt writing ought to be put to stop (Bush, 2007, standard. 17). This will prompt a fresh blood age which harbors no disdain. There is a requirement for answers for found or created for issues which draw some strain between the western world and the Islamic states. Such issues incorporate the limit issues between the Israel and its neighbors particularly Palestine. The battle of fear mongering is one which requires a pool of endeavors from various locales. The U.S. through its country security has put forth much attempt to guarantee that psychological oppressors don't invade the country area. The psychological militants are very powerful and as such the security the requirement for security should be fixed. Purchase custom Incapacitating the Terrorist Networks article rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-44877059197403699672020-08-22T07:25:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:25:27.174-07:00Physchological Effects of AlcholismThe Psychological Effects of Alcoholism There are numerous individuals who carry on with an actual existence that is excruciating and which they need to escape from. Because of this individuals will frequently go to liquor and misuse the benefit. At the point when individuals think about the impacts of liquor, they consider the physical impacts it has on the body. What is talked about less every now and again, yet sometimes similarly harming, is the impact liquor takes on the brain. Liquor addiction will take you on a single direction street to disappointment, which prompts losing a vocation, family, and above all oneââ¬â¢s self. At first, liquor will build a personââ¬â¢s certainty. At parties, an individual will start more discussions, make entertaining wisecracks and feel a feeling of acknowledgment. Sadly this is all in their brain; whatââ¬â¢s clever to them may truly be discourteous and upsetting to a calm individual. An inebriated individual wonââ¬â¢t perceive how their acting on the grounds that the liquor triggers the short arrival of dopamine. Therefore, the mind will depend on the liquor to discharge dopamine for sentiments of joy and bliss. After proceeded with utilization of liquor an individual will all the more frequently make misguided thinking. During their impeded state impaired, they are probably going to deceive individuals they care about, take or take part in other ruinous mental conduct. While inebriated, your brain will fool you into accepting that your activities are not excessively awful, prompting a lighthearted demeanor. Thus, an individual should pay dearly in prison, the emergency clinic or in a grave. Another drawback of a heavy drinker is the expanded hostility. Savage, forceful conduct is basic among male and in some cases females. The loss of restraints, alongside the pulverization of synapses brought about by drinking can make injurious conduct in drunkards. Thus, spousal maltreatment and road battling are frequently activated. There are more sanctuaries opening up for ladies who are survivors of spousal maltreatment. In many cases the abuser will possibly strike their cherished one when inebriated. In particular, liquor abuse influences your family and friends and family; the alcoholic isn't the one in particular that gets sincerely frightened. A heavy drinker doesnââ¬â¢t understand the pernicious words they state, remain in the brains of their youngsters and family. A childââ¬â¢s mind ingests everything about experiencing childhood in a loudly oppressive condition can stunt their turn of events. They have a decent possibility of growing up with learning and outrage the board issues. rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-11391326541837418852020-08-16T06:12:00.001-07:002020-08-16T06:12:01.958-07:002018 Early Action Decisions are Available - UGA Undergraduate Admissions2018 Early Action Decisions are Available - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2018 Early Action Decisions are Available Early Action decisions are now available online! For students who were deferred, please understand that this is not a denial decision. We want to be able to have a more in-depth review of you, including short essays, activities, recommendations, etc. Please be sure to read thedeferred student FAQ pagebefore commenting on here. The 2018 Early Action Decision press release gives more details on the class, but here are a few numbers from it. Quick Early Action Numbers* Applications Received: 14,989 Offers of Admission: 8,060 Mid 50% Admitted Average GPA: 4.00-4.27 Mid 50% Admitted Average SAT (EBRW+M): 1320-1470 Mid 50% Admitted Average ACT: 30-32 Mid 50% Admitted AP/IB/MOWR courses (over 4 years: 7-11) -Academic Rigor is based on an overall core course review, but this gives a good glance at the challenge of our admitted students curriculum. * Please Remember that these numbers are mid-ranges, not minimums. If you have questions about your specific decision, please do not post them on this blog. As well, do not give out or request personal academic information in your post, as we would then need to delete these posts. We are not able to answer questions about individual students here because we will generally not have your information in front of us and we cannot disclose individual student information in a comment. I would recommend talking with both your family and high school counselor first, then reviewing thisprevious poston suggestions about how to react to an EA decision, and finally reading the FAQs available from your Status page. Please be patient, be nice and be courteous. Have a great weekend and go Dawgs! rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-27000690111574653812020-05-24T04:43:00.001-07:002020-05-24T04:43:04.469-07:00Gambling Effects On Gamblers - 1994 Words Gambling: Effects on Gamblers For centuries, people have allowed themselves to enjoy a particular pleasure in the form of gambling through activities including; poker, sporting events, lottery, bingo, and slot machine. Gambling has become more widespread in the modern times than it was in the 1920sââ¬â¢. However, modern technology has revolutionized gambling, which allowed it to prevail throughout time. Technology has been able to help gambling to evolve from a game that is played at a casino to a game that can be played from a computer in your own home. Gambling has created many great opportunities for certain states: it has created millions of jobs, people have benefited from the huge payouts, and has provided people a very luxurious life. While gambling has provided certain people with many opportunities, for a compulsive gambler it provided many personal problems. The history of gambling throughout the world has become more prominent, there are several stories about how ancient people would gamble. This ancient act of gambling has grown at an increased rate. Within the United States, about 3% of adults in the United States and 20% of the world s population are compulsive gamblers with mental disorders. Approximately 90% of addicted gamblers have started around their mid to late teenage years. The impact of gambling can be very addicting for a person to control. A compulsive gambler will do almost anything for the thrill. People with this addiction and their familiesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gambling Creates Lots of Problems896 Words à |à 4 Pagesstress and need entertainment to release it. Since gambling is one of the entertainment can release stress, the population of gambler has become millions. However, problem gambling has become a serious social problem. This essay will discuss the negative effects of gambling which include financial an d health problems. Then it will discuss the solution for gambling, which includes governmentsââ¬â¢ regulation, self-control and education. Problem gambling causes financial problem, which can lead to crimeRead MoreEssay about Cause and Effect: Gambling774 Words à |à 4 PagesCause and Effect: Gambling Throughout life we take chances with many different things. We take chances for ourselves, and we take chances for others close to us. Chances are things which will give you so much good in your life if you go for the right things and succeed when taking the chance. 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These addictions may not be related substance wise, but the effects of both addictions go hand in hand as will be shown. Some results include but are not limited to, financial ruin, legal issues, family issues, and medical issues. It will then be evident that gambling, even though it is not involving consumption, is as harmful as alcoholism. Gambling is to play games of chance for money. WhenRead MoreEffects Of Gambling On The Future965 Words à |à 4 Pagesform of gambling. While gambling goes against what many economists would consider rational behavior, it still has a way of drawing people. Maybe itââ¬â¢s the thrill of playing, or a chance at hitting the jackpot. People are even drawn to gambling whilst under serious economic stress, such as living with a small budget. Do these gamblers think about their own budget constraints when putting large sums of money on the table? 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The film does not focus on any specific character gambling and shows hundreds of men and women gambling during the movie. The different faces gambling onlyRead MoreEffects of Gambling1138 Words à |à 5 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF GAMBLING Most people with gambling problems say they lost control over how much time and money they spend gambling. Meanwhile, they ignored other responsibilities. For them, gambling is an activity that are important to them. Those who gamble excessively often bring problems for the one they love. The effects of gambling can be classified into individuals, family and the society. Each of them had different aspect. With the problems that been brought by thoseRead MoreThe Ethics Of Gambling And Gambling1556 Words à |à 7 Pagesregarding the ethics of gambling whether in an online setting or in a public setting. Gambling has many benefits for both gamblers and casinos, but itââ¬â¢s crucial to acknowledge the psychological repercussions of gambling as it isnââ¬â¢t always just ââ¬Å"harmless fun.â⬠We can consider the negative and positive implications of gambling on non-gamblers as well. However, how would ethical theories and perspectives differ in their approach to the effects of gambling? When people think of gambling, they usually see flashingRead MoreGambling Is An Extremely Well Liked And Entertaining Activity For The Canadian Population1530 Words à |à 7 PagesGambling is an extremely well liked and entertaining activity for the Canadian population . In theory, gambling can be a sense of fun and games, yet it has always been inevitably linked to the Canadian Criminal Code. It has been noticed that, ââ¬Å"Canadians spend more on legal, government-promoted gambling than on clothing, shoes and medicine combinedâ⬠(Hutchison, 1999). In 1892 all forms of gambling were banned in Canada, with the exception of horse racing (Stevens, R., 2005). Throughout the years Canadians rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-37749678042175338792020-05-13T06:38:00.001-07:002020-05-13T06:38:03.825-07:00Fidos Bistro - 737 Words Fidoââ¬â¢s Bistro Code of Ethics, Roles and Behaviors Patrick Mobley University of Phoenix Fidoââ¬â¢s Bistro Code of Ethics, Roles and Behaviors In order for Fidoââ¬â¢s Bistro to be ran smoothly, each person must play their role efficiently. Entrepreneurs will be innovative new dog treats, ideas such as new ways of advertising also enhance organization of the gourmet dog treats. At Fidoââ¬â¢s Bistro, there will be three employees. In my company I will be in charge over all business decisions. By having control over the business I will delegate scheduling and training. Trained employees will be responsible for taking customersââ¬â¢ orders, deliveries and helping with the baking and packaging of the treats. All advertising will be conducted throughâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(2007).Introduction to Business: How Companies Create Value for People. New York:Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin Content and Development (50 points) | Points Earned: 50/50 | Length: 500 to 700 words | Additional Comments:Good job addressing each objective of this assignment. Identifying these up front provide a pathway for you as business owners. | All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. * The paper includes a description of the roles of the entrepreneurs, managers and employees of the fictional company created in Week Two. * The paper includes the ethical codes of the company and the rules and principles that will be used for decision-making. * The paper includes an explanation of why each rule and principle was selected and how the codes are expected to impact the business. * The paper will include a description of any laws that may be relevant to the business and how those laws may differ from the ethics of the business. | | Content is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive. * Paper develops a central theme or idea directed toward the appropriate a udience. * Paper links theory to relevant examples and uses the vocabulary of the theory correctly. * Major points are stated clearly, organized logically, 6060and supported by specific details, examples, or analysis. * Introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points. * Conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper, and rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-48185449926459628892020-05-06T13:32:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:32:53.768-07:00ACC/290 Financial Accounting Free Essays Course: ACC/290 Financial Accounting, Fifth Edition by Kimmel, Weygandt, and Kieso Solving Financial Accounting Problems Using Microsoft Excel for Windows by Rex A Schildhouse P3-7B, Prepare a correct trial balance. This trial balance of Schumaker Company does not balance. SCHUMAKER COMPANY Trial Balance May 31, 2010 Debit Cash $6,340 Accounts Receivable Prepaid Insurance 700 Equipment 8,000 Accounts Payable Property Taxes Payable 750 Common Stock Retained Earnings Service Revenue 7,690 Salaries Expense 4,200 Advertising Expense Property Tax Expense 900 $28,580 Credit $2,750 4,100 5,700 6,000 1,100 $19,650 Your review of the ledger reveals that each account has a normal balance. We will write a custom essay sample on ACC/290 Financial Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now You also discover the following errors. 1. The totals of the debit sides of Prepaid Insurance, Accounts Payable, and Property Tax Expense were each understated $100 2. Transposition errors were made in Accounts Receivable and Service Revenue. Based on postings made, the correct balances were $2,570 $7,960 , respectively. and 3. A debit posting to Salaries Expense of $400 as omitted. 4. An $800 cash dividend was debited to Common Stock for $800 and credited to Cash for $800 $350 purchase of supplies on account was debited to Equipment for $350 5. A and credited to Cash for $350 $450 for advertising was debited to Advertising Expense for $45 6. A cash payment of and credited to Cash for $45 7. A collection from a customer for $240 was debited to Cash for $240 and credited to Accounts Payable for $240 Instructions: Prepare the correct trial balance, assuming all accounts have normal balances. Note: The chart of accounts also includes the following: Dividends and Supplies. ) Cash Accoun ts Receivable Prepaid Insurance Equipment Supplies Accounts Payable Property Taxes Payable Common Stock Dividends Retained Earnings Service Revenue Salaries Expense Advertising Expense Property Tax Expense SCHUMAKER COMPANY Trial Balance May 31, 2010 Debit Credit $6,285 $2,330 800 7,650 350 4,110 750 6,500 800 6,000 7,960 4,600 1,505 1,000 $25,320 $25,320 Week+2+Group+Work(1). xls, Page 1 of 1, 11/19/20121:18 PM How to cite ACC/290 Financial Accounting, Essay examples rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-73253770844039487672020-05-04T07:36:00.001-07:002020-05-04T07:36:02.184-07:00Social Control Essay Example For Students Social Control Essay Both Michel Foucault and Truffauts depiction of a disciplinary society are nearly identical. But Truffauts interpretation sees more room for freedom within the disciplinary society. The difference stems from Foucaults belief that the social control in disciplinary pervades all elements of life and there is no escape from this type of control. Foucaults work deals mostly withpower and his conception of it. Like Nietzsche, Foucault sees power not as a fixed quantity of physical force, but instead as a stream of energy flowing through all aspects of society, its power harnesses itself in regulating the behavior of individuals, the systems of knowledge, a societies institutions, and every interaction between people. Foucault in Discipline and Punish, applies this notion of power in tracing the rise of the prison system in France and therise of other coercive institutions such as monasteries, the army, mental asylums, and other technologies. In his work Foucault exposes how seemingly benign or even reformist institutions such as the modern prison system (versus the stocks, and scaffolds) are technologies that are typical of the modern, painless, friendly, and impersonal coercive tools of the modern world. In fact the success of these technologies stems from their ability to appear unobtrusive and humane. These prisons Foucault goes on to explain like many institutions in post 1700th century society isolate those that society deems abnormal. This isolation seeks to attack the souls of people in order to dominate them similar to how the torture and brutality of pre-1700th century society sought to dominate the physical bodies of prisoners. In Foucaults interpretation freedom from the pervasive influence of power is impossible. Because his conception of power exists not just in individual institutions of society like prisons but instead exists in the structure of society and more importantly in peoples thought systems, escape from social control is impossible. Foucault in the last chapter talks about how even the reforms in the system have been co-opted to further the goals of the state. Instead of a lessening of social control Foucault sees that the technologies change from the wheels and gallows of the 17th century to the disciplinary society of the 19th century to the emerging carceral city of the future. In this carceral city the dispersion of power will be complete. The technologies of control will emanate from all pa rts of society, walls, space, institution, rules, and discourse. Truffauts interpretation of society and its future is much more upbeat. Although like Foucault he sees the technologies of the disciplinary society as insidious social control mechanisms. Truffault depicts the schooling, prison, and family systems as technologies that seeks to inculcate children, criminals, and subversives in the proper behavior of society. Trauffauts film exposes how these mechanisms work. The school seeks to isolate punish and ostracize children into forming a pliant populace. The family seeks to enforce the discipline of societies larger moral codes on children. Notice how in the movie the mother in a seemingly kindly attempt to bond with her child is in fact teaching him the moral codes of society: running away from home is wrong, school is good, respect your elders, follow rules, and dont lie. The prison system in the movie seeks to isolate the deviant members of society classifying them as perve rts, neurotic, madmen and in need of reprogramming and evaluation. These technologies in Truffauts film are the seat of power in a society. Unlike Foucault Truffaut sees power as emanating from these fixed points; Foucault sees power and control and flowing through all the vessels of the body of society. In Truffauts disciplinary society their is escape from such a world on the streets of Paris, in interacts with friends, and by running away to the sea or the movie theater. Truffaut sees escape from power as possible in anarchist like state free of adults and laws. Truffauts ideas are similar in this aspect to Sartre who sees the society can be freed from the grip of cruel power in a socialist utopia. This is in stark contrast to Foucault who sees escape as impossible. And more importantly Foucault sees escape as growing more and more difficult as society moves from adisciplinary society to a society of control. rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-49978803341551806592020-03-28T17:48:00.001-07:002020-03-28T17:48:03.340-07:00The Intellectual Capital in Globalization Practicesrhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-43837209202935790462020-03-07T04:38:00.001-08:002020-03-07T04:38:03.001-08:008 Misused Words on Your Resume That Make You Look Bad8 Misused Words on Your Resume That Make You Look Bad English can be a difficult language to use, and whether making out a resume and cover letter or speaking to a hiring manager, using the wrong word can leave a negative impression. By using words that are not as familiar, it can be easy to make a mistake. Because hiring managers carefully look at your resume, you want to be sure you donââ¬â¢t make any of the following common errors. 1. Compliment or ComplementAlthough most people may realize that compliment means to say something nice to someone, it can get confused with the word complement. The word complement means that it improves something or completes it, such as ââ¬Å"This app complements the others you need to get the job done.â⬠2. Further or FartherAlthough both words have something to do with distance, further represents a degree of distance while farther represents an actual distance. The easiest way to remember the difference between the two is whether you can substitute the word more. If you can, the proper word i s further. An example is ââ¬Å"I traveled farther today, but the area needs further investigation.â⬠3. Accept or ExceptTwo words that can be confused because they sound so similar are accept and except. To accept something means to receive it. Except means to exclude something. An example is, ââ¬Å"I accept your kind words, except for the comment that I should try harder.â⬠4. Insure or EnsureThese two commonly misused words are simple to sort out. Insure always alludes to insurance. Ensure means to make something occur or be sure. An example is, ââ¬Å"I insure my property, to ensure that it is protected.â⬠5. Comprise or ComposeComprise and compose are two words misused commonly in English. Comprise is an inclusive word that refers to the whole. Compose refers to parts. ââ¬Å"When this writer composes a play, he comprises it of three acts.â⬠6. Fewer or LessThese two confused words also refer to a whole or parts of a whole. The word fewer is used when talking a bout definite numbers as a whole. Less is used when the number is indefinite. An example might be ââ¬Å"Fewer people attended the concert but paid less money because of the discount.â⬠7. Theyââ¬â¢re or ThereSome similar words such as theyââ¬â¢re and there are commonly misused. Theyââ¬â¢re is a contraction that means they are. There refers to a place. An example is ââ¬Å"Theyââ¬â¢re going to the theater over there.â⬠8. Itââ¬â¢s or ItsItââ¬â¢s is a contraction that only means it is, while its is a possessive. A simple way to tell the difference is to write out the words for the contraction. You would not say ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s blue blanketâ⬠because it would read ââ¬Å"It is blue blanketâ⬠when written out.Knowing the correct words to use when writing a resume or cover letter can help get you an interview for a position as you apply to different job sites. TheJobNetwork can help by scouting out jobs for you. All you do is fill out your qualific ations and the type of job you want, and we do the rest by combing through job openings and searching for new ones as they arise. You will be notified by email when jobs matching your description are available. Sign up for job match alert to find your dream job. rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-42365777786634538282020-02-19T20:02:00.001-08:002020-02-19T20:02:02.313-08:00The Consequences of Stratification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsThe Consequences of Stratification - Essay Example The end of acquisition and accumulation is conventionally held to be the consumption of the goods accumulated--whether it is consumption directly by the owner of the goods or by the household attached to him and for this purpose identified with him in theory. This is at least felt to be the economically legitimate end of acquisition, which alone it is incumbent on the theory to take account of. Such consumption may of course be conceived to serve the consumer's physical wants--his physical comfort--or his so-called higher wants--spiritual, à ¦sthetic, intellectual, or what not; the latter class of wants being served indirectly by an expenditure of goods, after the fashion familiar to all economic readers (Grusky, 1994). It is of course not to be overlooked that in a community where nearly all goods are private property the necessity of earning a livelihood is a powerful and ever-present incentive for the poorer members of the community. The need of subsistence and of an increase of physical comfort may for a time be the dominant motive of acquisition for those classes who are habitually employed at manual labor, whose subsistence is on a precarious footing, who possess little and ordinarily accumulate little; but it will appear in the course of the discussion that even in the case of these impecunious classes the predominance of the motive of physical want is not so decided as has sometimes been assumed. On the other hand, so far as regards those members and classes of the community who are chiefly concerned in the accumulation of wealth, the incentive of subsistence or of physical comfort never plays a considerable part. Ownership began and grew into a human institution on grounds unrelated to the subsistence minimum. The dominant incentive was from the outset the invidious distinction attaching to wealth and, save rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-24455580895643197772020-02-04T12:21:00.001-08:002020-02-04T12:21:03.743-08:00Foreign Influence on English Football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 wordsForeign Influence on English Football - Essay Example The article written by Patrick Mcgovern challenges the basis behind the import of foreign players into English football. He states that the global market is a free process which changes the nature of the economic competition. Having investigated hiring practices for the English football league during 1946 to 1995, one aspect of the conclusions was that globalization might be a reasonable thing to expect. It points out that global influence is not just about players. It is also about economic social and political factors that can have either national or indeed British origins. However, this article also points out that there is consistency in the types of foreign players that are chosen to play in the English league. This can be in terms of climate, culture, language and, the style of football. This would fit countries such as Scotland, Ireland, northern Europe and Australia. However, the article fails to point out that quite a number of foreign players have come from South America, s uch as Argentina or Brazil. Their influence cannot be discounted. Therefore, the choice of fine players is partly due to culture choices. rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-55130995945517269412020-01-27T08:45:00.001-08:002020-01-27T08:45:06.667-08:00Cloud Based Customer Relationship Management Marketing plan of Starbucks coffee shopCloud Based Customer Relationship Management Marketing plan of Starbucks coffee shop EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report looks at the Marketing plan of Starbucks coffee shop, and its contribution to the success of company. Formation of successful marketing plan is the key point for a company to gain the competitive advantage over its competitors. The marketing plan evaluates the strategies currently adopting by the company. But the main theme of this report is to focus mainly on company marketing strategies, such as SWOT Analysis, Ansoff Growth Matrix, Boston Consulting Group Matrix, 4s, company short term goals, objectives, and how it can be successful in the future. COMPANYS INTRODUCTION: Starbucks Corporation is a dominant multinational coffee and coffeehouse chain company based in the United States. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world with 8,505 company-owned and 6,505 licensed stores in 42 countries, making a total of 15,011 stores worldwide. Starbucks sells drip brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drink, fruit bottled, coupled with sandwiches, pastries, snacks, salads, soups, other hot and cold drink. Core competency of star bucks: To summarize, Starbucks has a high reputation for quality because of the following: The company goes to extreme lengths to buy the very finest Arabica coffees available on world markets, regardless of price. The companys freshness and quality are legendary. Beans that are held in bins for more than a week are donated to charity. Every piece of coffee-brewing equipment that is sold has been tested and evaluated. Each Starbucks employee is extensively trained to ensure that customers receive knowledgeable service. Mission Statement: To establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles as we grow. The following six Guideline Principles will help us measure the appropriateness of our decisions: Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. Embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business. Apply the highest standard of excellence to the purchasing roasting and fresh delivery of our customer. Develop enthusiastically satisfied customer all of the time. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment. Recognize that profitability is essential to our future success. Starbucks has the following core values: Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. Embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business. Apply the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing, roasting and fresh delivery of our coffee. Develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment. Market Demographics: The profile for the starbucks customer consists of the following geographic, demographic, and behavior factors: Geographic: The geographic survey may include the identification of total number of population, in society and total number of target customer in which you are operating (Lanchester, Massingham, Ashford 2002). The immediate geographic target market for starbucks is the total population of the UK which is 60,776,238 approximately. The specific targeted market of Starbucks is mostly the students of schools, colleges, and universities. Demographics: Male and female. Age below 40. This age range draws off a combination of university students and locals within the society. Have (or are getting) a college education and some with graduate degrees. An income over à £457 per week (except the students who earn far less but have a decent amount of disposable income). Non-conventional customers. Psychographic: The people who want to enjoy a totally different coffee experience, they go to starbucks as it is positioned a completely different coffee shop. MARKET NEEDS: Starbucks is providing with a wide range of high quality coffee and snacks options to their customer. Starbucks seeks to fulfill the following benefits that are important to their customers: Selection: A wide range of coffee and snacks options that is unavailable at the larger, dominant coffee chains. Accessibility: Almost all types of coffee are available from starbucks centrally located storefront. Customer service: The patron will be impressed with the level of attention that they receive. Competitive pricing: Prices of all range of coffee and other stuff will be priced competitively relative to the competition. SITUATION ANALYSIS OF STARBUCKS: The company situation analysis is used at the business level to determine the strategic issues and problems that need to be addressed through the next three steps of the strategic planning process. Starbucks has own very good different kinds of strength to dominant in this industry make it to differentiate to others one in this market. This are the strength, those help starbucks to achieve their targets and desire goals. These are the stratbucks some important characteristics or strengths. STRENGHTS: Strong Brand Recognition Large retail distribution system Quality product Extensive product list Good supplier relationship Strong financial history Strong human resources WEAKNESSES: Even though starbucks posses a number of strengths but it also has some weakness too. starbucks needs to overcome on and deal them for remaining the top position in this competitive market. These are the s following list of starbucks weaknesses: Dependence on single source of business income Prices high relative to competition Strong dependence on suppliers Merchandise sales in stores SWOT ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK OPPORTUNITIES: It is a fact that every company who enter in the market must has different kind of opportunities prevail in market. This is the important, how to recognize and make to strategy to acquire them, acquiring these opportunities is called success of company . Starbucks can more successes in market if they will be able to act upon theses opportunities accordingly. The following new opportunities can help starbucks to success more in the future in the way of their business. Expansion into overseas markets Expansion into untapped U.K and worldwide markets Expansion of brand name into new products or business lines THREATS: Nobody knows about tomorrow. Especially for nowadays circumstances, world is changing dramatically. Some new threats are prevailing in the market with full swing of their effectiveness. Despite the fact of strong position of strabucks in the market, he still need to keep eye on these threat get strong positioning and branding. These are the list of some very common internally and externally threats. Economic conditions may make consumers unwilling to pay high prices Political conditions abroad may limit expansion Increasing competition in coffee market May be reaching saturation point in some U.S markets Increase prices of raw material for coffee and other stuff BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) MATRIX: The Boston consulting Groups growth-share matrix, developed in the early 1970s, probably became the most popular management technique ever. The vertical dimension is th growth rate of the market, which is used by the BCG as a proxy variable for market attractiveness. High-Growth markets are assumed to be more attractive because, being competitively non zero sum, market share gains are often more easily obtained. Also market share gains in a growth market will be worth more in the future as the market develops. The midpoint between high and low market gtowth is In the BCG matrix, star quadrant is the most dominant place where the companies enjoy the high market growth and high market share. Thats why every company wants to stay in star quadrant. As STARBUCKS coffee shop is the renowned coffee chain in the world, thats why it clearly lies in the (STAR QUADRANT High Growth + High Share) because the annual sales of the company in last financial year 2007 are US $ 9.411 Million, moreover the coffee shop enjoying the highest market share as well in the coffee industry. ANSOFFS GROWTH MATRIX: The product-market matrix proposed by ANSOFF, provides a useful framework for considering the relationship between strategic direction, and marketing strategy (Brassington Pettitt 2006). The four-cell matrix shown in the figure considering various combinations of product-market options. Each cell in the Ansoff Matrix presents distinct opportunities, threats, resources, requirements, return and risks. Market expansions means selling more of the existing products to new markets, which could be based on new geographic segments or could be created by opening up other new segments such as age, product, usage, lifestyle or any other segmentation variables (Brassington Pettitt 2006 p 955). In the ANSOFF growth matrix, the STARBUCKS coffee shop lies in the (MARKET EXPENSION Existing Product + New Market), because company is making very good profit in almost every coffee shop in different location of the world. Expending its coffee market in Middle East, and Asia could be very helpful for the companys profit because there is huge potential for the coffee market as there is no famous coffee shops in that part of the world. Just like recently they have opened their two coffee shops, one in China and other is in Kuwait. MARKETING MIX STRATEGY FOR STARBUCKS: In order to make appropriate strategies for gaining customers preferences and their loyalty, we need to understand as to how STARBUCKS Marketing Mix or 4 Ps have enabled the company to achieve superior customer satisfaction, and also in building a long-term relationship with its customers. The issue is not whether there should be four, six, or ten Ps so much as what framework is most helpful in designing marketing strategy. Just as economics use two principals concepts for their framework of analysis, namely Demand, and Supply. The marketers see the four Ps as a filing cabinet of tools that could guide their marketing planning (Philip Kotler, 1999 p 96). Following are the some recommendations for STARBUCKS in relation with marketing mix: Frame Work of marketing Mix PRODUCT: Typically, the marketing mix stars with product p. the heart of the marketing mix, the starting point is the product offering and product strategy. It is hard to design a place strategy, decide on a promotion campaign, or set a price without knowing the product to be marketed. The product includes not only the physical unit but also its package, warranty, after-sale service, brand name, company image value, and many other factors. A Starbucks coffee has many product elements: the chocolate itself, a fancy gold wrapper, a customer satisfaction guarantee, and the prestige of the Starbucks coffee brand name. We buy things not only for what they do (benefits) but also for what they mean to us (status, quality, or reputation). Products can be tangible goods such as computers, ideas like those offered by a consultant, or services such as medical care. Products should also offer customer value. Decision that address the new product development process(innovation management), licensing strategies with potential partners, intellectual property rights, services provided to augment the revenue stream from base products product name/brand decisions ,development of complementary products by partners, creation of industry standards, packaging, and so forth, the critical need is to develop a stream of products with the right set of features to satisfy customer needs in a compelling yet simple fashion.( jakki j. Mohr, Sanjit Sengupta, Stanley Slater,2000, p7) In Starbucks they made purely their products to satisfying the needs of the customer, and they made coffee with the finest coffee ingredients of the world. The different range of coffee and snacks offered by STARBUCKS are as follow: ESPRESSO: Coffee Latte Cappuccino Vanilla Latte Coffee Americano Espresso COFFEE HOUSE FAVOURITES Caramel Hot Chocolate Coffee Misto Classic Hot Chocolate Signature Hot Chocolate Freshly Brewed coffee FRAPPUCCINO: Cinnamon Dolce Java Chip Espresso Coffee Caramel SPRING FAVOURITES: Cinnamon Dolce Latte Caramel Macchiato PRICE: decisions that establish price points for the company products, and address issues related cost to produce/manufacturer the good, margins along the distribution channel, competitors prices (pricing relative to a specific firm market position), customer value, total cost of ownership for the customer, price for product bundles, and profitability.( .( jakki j. Mohr, Sanjit Sengupta, Stanley Slater,2000, p8 ). Price is the only element of the marketing mix that produces revenue, As such; it serves a tactical as well as an economic role for an organization 9Holloway and Robison 1995). The price charged sends many signals about the likely value of the product being offered and, as such, must be commensurate with the quality of experience, Starbuckss product prices are relative high than others, because they target those people of society who give the preference on quantity. Following are the some prices of STARBUCKS famous products: ESPRESSO: Tall Grande Vent Coffee Latte à £2.05p à £2.40p à £2.65p Cappuccino à £2.05p à £2.40p à £2.65p Vanilla Latte à £2.35 à £2.70p à £2.95p Coffee Americano à £1.75p à £1.90p à £2.05p Espresso à £1.20p à £1.40p à £1.55p COFFEE HOUSE FAVOURITES Caramel Hot Chocolate à £2.90p à £3.25p à £3.50p Coffee Misto à £1.95p à £2.35p à £2.55p Classic Hot Chocolate à £2.20p à £2.50p à £2.80p Signature Hot Chocolate à £2.65p à £3.00p à £3.25p Freshly Brewed coffee à £1.65p à £1.75p à £1.90p FRAPPUCCINO: Cinnamon Dolce à £3.05p à £3.25p à £3.45p Java Chip à £3.05p à £3.25p à £3.45p Espresso à £2.65p à £2.85p à £3.05p Coffee à £2.50p à £2.70p à £2.90p Caramel à £3.05p à £3.25p à £3.45p SPRING FAVOURITES: Cinnamon Dolce Latte à £2.70p à £3.05P à £3.30P Caramel Macchiato à £2.70P à £3.05P à £3.30P PLACE: Place, or distribution, strategies are concerned with making products available when and where customers want them. Would you rather buy a kiwi fruit at the 24-hour grocery store within walking distance or fly to Australia to pick your own, which involves all the business activates concerned with storing and transporting raw material or finished product. The goal is to make sure products arrive in usable condition at designated places when needed. For consumer goods the most visible player in the channel of distribution is retailer. Manufacturers and consumer alike have to put a lot of trust in the retailer to do justice to the product, to maintain stock, and to provide a satisfying purchasing experience. Retailer face the many of the same marketing decisions as other type of organization, and use the same marketing mix tools, but with a slightly different respective. They also face unique marketing problems for examples, store location, layout and the creation of store image and atmosphere. Every seller must decide deeply that how to make its products available to the target market with an easy access (Philip Kotler, 1999 p 103). Now in case of Starbucks they mainly build their stores in the prime location of the city where they can easily attracts their desired customers who really want to enjoy the taste of coffee. Just like in UK they build their stores mainly in the shopping malls and town centers. Now it is the need of the time that they should be concentrate to open their stores in Middle East and Asia. PROMOTION: Promotion includes advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling. Promotions role in the marketing mix is to bring about mutually satisfying exchanges with target markets by informing, education, persuading, and reminding them of the benefits of an organization or a product. A good promotion strategy, like using the Dilbert character in national promotion strategy for office Depot, can dramatically increase sales. Good promotion strategies do not guarantee success, however, despite massive promotional campaigns, the movies, The Alamo and The Lady-killers had disappointing box-office return. Each element of the promotion p is coordinated and managed with the others to create coordinated and managed with others to create a promotional blend or mix. These Starbucks nearly spends à £4.7 million every year for promotions. It is include the cost of print media, electronic media, indoor, outdoor media etc. The companys latest stunning plan is the Starbucks Card. You buy a re-chargeable card in the UK which can be used at coffee bars in the US, Canada, Australia and Thailand. The card will enhance the Starbucks experience for customers allowing them to buy their daily cup of coffee quickly and easily, even when they are not carrying cash. Recently company through an agreement between Starbucks, and T-Mobile the two companies have come up with a way to provide internet access at Starbucks location and high speed broadband for Starbucks customers as well. In addition, T-Mobile hot spot customers get to use the Starbucks stores as they do now. Moreover Starbucks spends millions of dollars internationally to protect the environment and global warming. DIVERCIFICATION: The major reason for a business adopting a strategy of diversification is therefore to allow it to reduce its dependence upon a single market area (W. Stewart Howe 1986 p 153). At a general strategic level Ansoff suggests three reasons why firms diversify. First, their objectives cannot be achieved by continuing to operate in their existing markets. Thus, since continued operation in these markets is not able to diversify the profit, risk or growth objectives of the business, achievement of these must be sought in new market areas. Second, where a business has excess financial resources beyond those necessary to satisfy its expansion plan in its existing markets, then rather than retain these resources in liquid form of business may invest them in new markets areas. Third, if greater opportunities are presented to the firm in new market areas than accrue from its existing activities. Then a diversification program may be undertaken to benefit from these. There are tw o types of diversifications: RELATED DIVERSIFICATION UN-RELATED DIVERSICATION RELATED DIVERSIFICATION: Expending combining with firms in different, but related industry that are Strategic Fits. UNRELATED DIVERSIFICATION: Growing by combining with firms in un-related industries, where higher financial returns are possible. Now, if Starbucks want to diversify its business outside the industry, then the company should start a totally new business that is not from the same industry. For example Starbucks is a coffee shop, if they enter in the manufacturing business and start making cars, bikes etc that will be the perfect example of diversification. But the main focus of the Starbucks should be on their strategic business unit which is coffee shop. If they want to diversify their business within the same industry i.e. related diversification, then the Starbucks should combine their business with their competitors to launch new products. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: The franchiser/licenser remembers to provide a standard package of components, or ingredients together with management and marketing services, and advice. Since franchising involves the transfer of tangible, it can enable greater control of the operation for the originating manufacturer than licensing (Lancaster Massingham Ashford 2002 p 437). Starbucks currently use three strategies for business in overseas. These strategies are as follow: 1: Joint ventures 2: Licenses 3: Company-Owned Operations. Mainly the company uses the company-owned shops for the business in other countries. RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE MARKETING PLAN OF STARBUCKS (3 YEARS): By analyzing the above whole information such as Swot analysis, Ansoff analysis, BCG matrix, marketing mix, following should be the primary objectives of the marketing plan of Starbucks coffee shop for next 3 years: GOALS OR OBJECTIVES: Sales should be increased by 15 to 20% at least. In order to get increased sales, they should increase Gross Profit margin by 25%. Find more new markets especially in Middle East, and Asia. More strengthen their position as a worldwide coffee shop leader. Increase marketing budget by 15% In order to achieve the above future objectives, the Starbucks coffee shop should follow instructions: MAINTAIN SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: The Starbucks coffee shop should maintain the competitive advantage that it has got over other coffee shops. In order to maintain leading position in the coffee market, the Starbucks should introduce innovative products after good intervals. NEW TARGER MARKETS: To maintain the top position in the coffee market, Starbucks should go and find some new coffee potential market. Just like there is great potential of new coffee shop especially in Asia, and Middle East, as there is no famous coffee shop. Where they can capture in new market, and got some handsome profit as well. INTRODUCE SOME NEW PROMOTIONS: As Starbucks introduced a stunning promotion plan that is Starbucks re-chargeable card for purchasing coffee whether you have money or not at that time. Just like that company should develop a membership card especially for the students. Some discount should be offer to regular customer, and student to increase the retainment. INTRODUCE SOME INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS: To maintain the dominant position in the coffee market, it is necessary for the Starbucks that, they should introduce some really innovative products after good intervals. The induction of new products creates the brand loyalty among the customers. INCREASE MARKETING BUDGET: Marketing department is the one of the most important part of every company. This department is responsible for increasing sales. So in order to get more revenues, the company should increase the budget of marketing. Moreover they should include some world famous celebrities, conducting promotions events, seminars things like that for promotions their products. DIVERCIFY THE BUSINESS: To maintain the leading position in the coffee market, the Starbucks should go for diversification. Diversify the business in product-related items, or unrelated items to increase their revenues. IMPROVE THE PRODUCT QUALITY: To maintain the superb quality and taste of different products in Starbucks, the company should adopt the Total Quality Management tool, which means improve the products quality until the perfection, and there is no defect on product or zero defect products. EMPLOYEES MOTIVATIONS: Employees motivation is very important for every organization to get good profit, and in order to maintain its position in the market. Good pay, and reward system is the best tool to motivate the employees. So Starbucks should try to give good pay and benefits to their employees during the job. EMPLOYEES TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT: Training and development of employees is an important task for the management in order to enhance the progress of company, and increase the sales, and produce the error free services. rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-53074194459426800502020-01-19T05:09:00.001-08:002020-01-19T05:09:04.590-08:00Prelude to Foundation Chapter 6 RescueLEGGEN, JENARR-â⬠¦ His contributions to meteorology, however, although considerable, pale before what has ever since been known as the Leggen Controversy. That his actions helped to place Hari Seldon in jeopardy is undisputable, but argument rages-and has always raged-as to whether those actions were the result of unintentional circumstance or part of a deliberate conspiracy. Passions have been raised on both sides and even the most elaborate studies have come to no definite conclusions. Nevertheless, the suspicions that were raised helped poison Leggen's career and private life in the years that followedâ⬠¦ Encyclopedia Galactica 25. It was not quite the end of daylight when Dors Venabili sought out Jenarr Leggen. He answered her rather anxious greeting with a grunt and a brief nod. ââ¬Å"Well,â⬠she said a trifle impatiently. ââ¬Å"How was he?â⬠Leggen, who was entering data into his computer, said, ââ¬Å"How was who?â⬠ââ¬Å"My library student Hari. Dr. Hari Seldon. He went up with you. Was he any help to you?â⬠Leggen removed his hands from the keys of his computer and swivelled about. ââ¬Å"That Heliconian fellow? He was of no use at all. Showed no interest whatever. He kept looking at the scenery when there was no scenery to look at. A real oddball. Why did you want to send him up?â⬠ââ¬Å"It wasn't my idea. He wanted to. I can't understand it. He was very interested. Where is he now?â⬠Leggen shrugged. ââ¬Å"How would I know? Somewhere around.â⬠ââ¬Å"Where did he go after he came down with you? Did he say?â⬠ââ¬Å"He didn't come down with us. I told you he wasn't interested.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then when did he come down?â⬠ââ¬Å"I don't know. I wasn't watching him. I had an enormous amount of work to do. There must have been a windstorm and some sort of downpour about two days ago and neither was expected. Nothing our instruments showed offered a good explanation for it or for the fact that some sunshine we were expecting today didn't appear. Now I'm trying to make sense of it and you're bothering me.â⬠ââ¬Å"You mean you didn't see him go down?â⬠ââ¬Å"Look. He wasn't on my mind. The idiot wasn't correctly dressed and I could see that inside of half an hour he wasn't going to be able to take the cold. I gave him a sweater, but that wasn't going to help much for his legs and feet. So I left the elevator open for him and I told him how to use it and explained that it would take him down and then return automatically. It was all very simple and I'm sure he did get cold and he did go down and the elevator did come back and then eventually we all went down.â⬠ââ¬Å"But you don't know exactly when he went down?â⬠ââ¬Å"No, I don't. I told you. I was busy. He certainly wasn't up there when we left, though, and by that time twilight was coming on and it looked as though it might sleet. So he had to have gone down.â⬠ââ¬Å"Did anyone else see him go down?â⬠ââ¬Å"I don't know. Clowzia may have. She was with him for a while. Why don't you ask her?â⬠Dors found Clowzia in her quarters, just emerging from a hot shower. ââ¬Å"It was cold up there,â⬠she said. Dors said, ââ¬Å"Were you with Hari Seldon Upperside?â⬠Clowzia said, eyebrows lifting, ââ¬Å"Yes, for a while. He wanted to wander about and ask questions about the vegetation up there. He's a sharp fellow, Dors. Everything seemed to interest him, so I told him what I could till Leggen called me back. He was in one of his knock-your-head-off tempers. The weather wasn't working and he-ââ¬Å" Dors interrupted. ââ¬Å"Then you didn't see Hari go down in the elevator?â⬠ââ¬Å"I didn't see him at all after Leggen called me over.-But he has to be down here. He wasn't up there when we left.â⬠ââ¬Å"But I can't find him anywhere.â⬠Clowzia looked perturbed. ââ¬Å"Really?-But he's got to be somewhere down here.â⬠ââ¬Å"No, he doesn't have to be somewhere down here,â⬠said Dors, her anxiety growing. ââ¬Å"What if he's still up there?â⬠ââ¬Å"That's impossible. He wasn't. Naturally, we looked about for him before we left. Leggen had shown him how to go down. He wasn't properly dressed and it was rotten weather. Leggen told him if he got cold not to wait for us. He was getting cold. I know! So what else could he do but go down?â⬠ââ¬Å"But no one saw him go down.-Did anything go wrong with him up there?â⬠ââ¬Å"Nothing. Not while I was with him. He was perfectly fine except that he had to be cold, of course.â⬠Dors, by now quite unsettled, said, ââ¬Å"Since no one saw him go down, he might still be up there. Shouldn't we go up and look?â⬠Clowzia said nervously, ââ¬Å"I told you we looked around before we went down. It was still quite light and he was nowhere in sight.â⬠ââ¬Å"Let's look anyway.â⬠ââ¬Å"But I can't take you up there. I'm just an intern and I don't have the combination for the Upperside dome opening. You'll have to ask Dr. Leggen.â⬠26. Dors Venabili knew that Leggen would not willingly go Upperside now. He would have to be forced. First, she checked the library and the dining areas again. Then she called Seldon's room. Finally, she went up there and signaled at the door. When Seldon did not respond, she had the floor manager open it. He wasn't there. She questioned some of those who, over the last few weeks, had come to know him. No one had seen him. Well, then, she would make Leggen take her Upperside. By now, though, it was night. He would object strenuously and how long could she spend arguing if Hari Seldon was trapped up there on a freezing night with sleet turning to snow? A thought occurred to her and she rushed to the small University computer, which kept track of the doings of the students, faculty, and service staff. Her fingers flew over the keys and she soon had what she wanted. There were three of them in another part of the campus. She signed out for a small glidecart to take her over and found the domicile she was looking for. Surely, one of them would be available-or findable. Fortune was with her. The first door at which she signaled was answered by a query light. She punched in her identification number, which included her department affiliation. The door opened and a plump middle-aged man stared out at her. He had obviously been washing up before dinner. His dark blond hair was askew and he was not wearing any upper garment. He said, ââ¬Å"Sorry. You catch me at a disadvantage. What can I do for you, Dr. Venabili?â⬠She said a bit breathlessly, ââ¬Å"You're Rogen Benastra, the Chief Seismologist, aren't you?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes.â⬠ââ¬Å"This is an emergency. I must see the seismological records for Upperside for the last few hours.â⬠Benastra stared at her. ââ¬Å"Why? Nothing's happened. I'd know if it had. The seismograph would inform us.â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm not talking about a meteoric impact.â⬠ââ¬Å"Neither am I. We don't need a seismograph for that. I'm talking about gravel, pinpoint fractures. Nothing today.â⬠ââ¬Å"Not that either. Please. Take me to the seismograph and read it for me. This is life or death.â⬠ââ¬Å"I have a dinner appointment-ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"I said life or death and I mean it.â⬠Benastra said, ââ¬Å"I don't see-â⬠but he faded out under Dors's glare. He wiped his face, left quick word on his message relay, end struggled into a shirt. They half-ran (under Dors's pitiless urging) to the small squat Seismology Building. Dors, who knew nothing about seismology, said, ââ¬Å"Down? We're going down?â⬠ââ¬Å"Below the inhabited levels. Of course. The seismograph has to be fixed to bedrock and be removed from the constant clamor and vibration of the city levels.â⬠ââ¬Å"But how can you tell what's happening Upperside from down here?â⬠ââ¬Å"The seismograph is wired to a set of pressure transducers located within the thickness of the dome. The impact of a speck of grit will send the indicator skittering off the screen. We can detect the flattening effect on the dome of a high wind. We can-ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Yes, yes,â⬠said Dors impatiently. She was not here for a lecture on the virtues and refinements of the instruments. ââ¬Å"Can you detect human footsteps?â⬠ââ¬Å"Human footsteps?â⬠Benastra looked confused. ââ¬Å"That's not likely Upperside.â⬠ââ¬Å"Of course it's likely. There were a group of meteorologists Upperside this afternoon.â⬠ââ¬Å"Oh. Well, footsteps would scarcely be noticeable.â⬠ââ¬Å"It would be noticeable if you looked hard enough and that's what I want you to do.â⬠Benastra might have resented the firm note of command in her voice, but, if so, he said nothing. He touched a contact and the computer screen jumped to life. At the extreme right center, there was a fat spot of light, from which a thin horizontal line stretched to the left limit of the screen. There was a tiny wriggle to it, a random non-repetitive seder of little hiccups and these moved steadily leftward. It was almost hypnotic in its effect on Dors. Benastra said, ââ¬Å"That's as quiet as it can possibly be. Anything you see is the result of changing air pressure above, raindrops maybe, the distant whirr of machinery. There's nothing up there.â⬠ââ¬Å"All right, but what about a few hours ago? Check on the records at fifteen hundred today, for instance. Surely, you have some recordings.â⬠Benastra gave the computer its necessary instructions and for a second or two there was wild chaos on the screen. Then it settled down and again the horizontal line appeared. ââ¬Å"I'll sensitize it to maximum,â⬠muttered Benastra. There were now pronounced hiccups and as they staggered leftward they changed in pattern markedly. ââ¬Å"What's that?â⬠said Dors. ââ¬Å"Tell me.â⬠ââ¬Å"Since you say there were people up there, Venabili, I would guess they were footsteps-the shifting of weight, the impact of shoes. I don't know that I would have guessed it if I hadn't known about the people up there. Its what we call a benign vibration, not associated with anything we know to be dangerous.â⬠ââ¬Å"Can you tell how many people are present?â⬠ââ¬Å"Certainly not by eye. You see, we're getting a resultant of all the impacts.â⬠ââ¬Å"You say ââ¬Ënot by eye.' Can the resultant be analyzed into its components by the computer?â⬠ââ¬Å"I doubt it. These are minimal effects and you have to allow for the inevitable noise. The results would be untrustworthy.â⬠ââ¬Å"Well then. Move the time forward till the footstep indications stop. Can you make it fast-forward, so to speak?â⬠ââ¬Å"If I do-the kind of fast-forward you're speaking of-then it will all just blur into a straight line with a slight haze above and below. What I can do is move it forward in fifteen-minute stages and study it quickly before moving on.â⬠ââ¬Å"Good. Do that!â⬠Both watched the screen until Benastra said, ââ¬Å"There's nothing there now. See?â⬠There was again a line with nothing but tiny uneven hiccups of noise. ââ¬Å"When did the footsteps stop?â⬠ââ¬Å"Two hours ago. A trifle more.â⬠ââ¬Å"And when they stopped were there fewer than there were earlier?â⬠Benastra looked mildly outraged. ââ¬Å"I couldn't tell. I don't think the finest analysis could make a certain decision.â⬠Dors pressed her lips together. Then she said, ââ¬Å"Are you testing a transducer-is that what you called it-near the meteorological outlet?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes, that's where the instruments are and that's where the meteorologists would have been.â⬠Then, unbelievingly, ââ¬Å"Do you want me to try others in the vicinity? One at a time?â⬠ââ¬Å"No. Stay on this one. But keep on going forward at fifteen-minute intervals. One person may have been left behind and may have made his way back to the instruments.â⬠Benastra shook his head and muttered something under his breath. The screen shifted again and Dors said sharply, ââ¬Å"What's that?â⬠She was pointing. ââ¬Å"I don't know. Noise.â⬠ââ¬Å"No. Its periodic. Could it be a single person's footsteps?â⬠ââ¬Å"Sure, but it could be a dozen other things too.â⬠ââ¬Å"It's coming along at about the time of footsteps, isn't it?â⬠Then, after a while, she said, ââ¬Å"Push it forward a little.â⬠He did and when the screen settled down she said, ââ¬Å"Aren't those unevennesses getting bigger?â⬠ââ¬Å"Possibly. We can measure them.â⬠ââ¬Å"We don't have to. You can see they're getting bigger. The footsteps are approaching the transducer. Go forward again. See when they stop.â⬠After a while Benastra said, ââ¬Å"They stopped twenty or twenty-five minutes ago.â⬠Then cautiously, ââ¬Å"Whatever they are.â⬠ââ¬Å"They're footsteps,â⬠said Dors with mountain-moving conviction. ââ¬Å"There's a man up there and while you and I have been fooling around here, he's collapsed and he's going to freeze and die. Now don't say, ââ¬ËWhatever they are!' Just call Meteorology and get me Jenarr Leggen. Life or death, I tell you. Say so!â⬠Benastra, lips quivering, had passed the stage where he could possibly resist anything this strange and passionate woman demanded. It took no more than three minutes to get Leggen's hologram on the message platform. He had been pulled away from his dinner table. There was a napkin in his hand and a suspicious greasiness under his lower lip. His long face was set in a fearful scowl. â⬠ââ¬ËLife or death?' What is this? Who are you?â⬠Then his eye caught Dors, who had moved closer to Benastra so that her image would be seen on Jenarr's screen. He said, ââ¬Å"You again. This is simple harassment.â⬠Dors said, ââ¬Å"It is not. I have consulted Rogen Benastra, who is Chief Seismologist at the University. After you and your party had left Upperside, the seismograph shows clear footsteps of one person still there. It's my student Hari Seldon, who went up there in your care and who is now, quite certainly, lying in a collapsed stupor and may not live long. ââ¬Å"You will, therefore, take me up there right now with whatever equipment may be necessary. If you do not do so immediately, I shall proceed to University security-to the President himself, if necessary. One way or another I'll get up there and if anything has happened to Hari because you delay one minute, I will see to it that you are hauled in for negligence, incompetence-whatever I can make stick-and will have you lose all status and be thrown out of academic life. And if he's dead, of course, that's manslaughter by negligence. Or worse, since I've now warned you he's dying.â⬠Jenarr, furious, turned to Benastra. ââ¬Å"Did you detect-ââ¬Å" But Dors cut in. ââ¬Å"He told me what he detected and I've told you. I do not intend to allow you to bulldoze him into confusion. Are you coming? Now?â⬠ââ¬Å"Has it occurred to you that you may be mistaken?â⬠said Jenarr, thin-lipped. ââ¬Å"Do you know what I can do to you if this is a mischievous false alarm? Loss of status works both ways.â⬠ââ¬Å"Murder doesn't,â⬠said Dors. ââ¬Å"I'm ready to chance a trial for malicious mischief. Are you ready to chance a trial for murder?â⬠Jenarr reddened, perhaps more at the necessity of giving in than at the threat. ââ¬Å"I'll come, but I'll have no mercy on you, young woman, if your student eventually turns out to have been safe within the dome these past three hours.â⬠27. The three went up the elevator in an inimical silence. Leggen had eaten only part of his dinner and had left his wife at the dining area without adequate explanation. Benastra had eaten no dinner at all and had possibly disappointed some woman companion, also without adequate explanation. Dors Venabili had not eaten either and she seemed the most tense and unhappy of the three. She carried a thermal blanket and two photonic founts. When they reached the entrance to Upperside, Leggen, jaw muscles tightening, entered his identification number and the door opened. A cold wind rushed at them and Benastra grunted. None of the three was adequately dressed, but the two men had no intention of remaining up there long. Dors said tightly, ââ¬Å"It's snowing.â⬠Leggen said, ââ¬Å"It's wet snow. The temperature's just about at the freezing point. It's not a killing frost.â⬠ââ¬Å"It depends on how long one remains in it, doesn't it?â⬠said Dors. ââ¬Å"And being soaked in melting snow won't help.â⬠Leggen grunted. ââ¬Å"Well, where is he?â⬠He stared resentfully out into utter blackness, made even worse by the light from the entrance behind him. Dors said, ââ¬Å"Here, Dr. Benastra, hold this blanket for me. And you, Dr. Leggen, close the door behind you without locking it.â⬠ââ¬Å"There's no automatic lock on it. Do you think we're foolish?â⬠ââ¬Å"Perhaps not, but you can lock it from the inside and leave anyone outside unable to get into the dome.â⬠ââ¬Å"If someone's outside, point him out. Show him to me,â⬠said Leggen. ââ¬Å"He could be anywhere.â⬠Dors lifted her arms with a photonic fount circling each wrist. ââ¬Å"We can't look everywhere,â⬠mumbled Benastra miserably. The founts blazed into light, spraying in every direction. The snowflakes glittered like a vast mob of fireflies, making it even more difficult to see. ââ¬Å"The footsteps were getting steadily louder,â⬠said Dors. ââ¬Å"He had to be approaching the transducer. Where would it be located?â⬠ââ¬Å"I haven't any idea,â⬠snapped Leggen.-That's outside my field and my responsibility.â⬠ââ¬Å"Dr. Benastra?â⬠Benastra's reply was hesitant. ââ¬Å"I don't really know. To tell you the truth, I've never been up here before. It was installed before my time. The computer knows, but we never thought to ask it that.-I'm cold and I don't see what use I am up here.â⬠ââ¬Å"You'll have to stay up here for a while,â⬠said Dors firmly. ââ¬Å"Follow me. I'm going to circle the entrance in an outward spiral.â⬠ââ¬Å"We can't see much through the snow,â⬠said Leggen. ââ¬Å"I know that. If it wasn't snowing, we'd have seen him by now. I'm sure of it. As it is, it may take a few minutes. We can stand that.â⬠She was by no means as confident as her words made it appear. She began to walk, swinging her arms, playing the light over as large a field as she could, straining her eyes for a dark blotch against the snow. And, as it happened, it was Benastra who first said, ââ¬Å"What's that?â⬠and pointed. Dors overlapped the two founts, making a bright cone of light in the indicated direction. She ran toward it, as did the other two. They had found him, huddled and wet, about ten meters from the door, five from the nearest meteorological device. Dors felt for his heartbeat, but it was not necessary for, responding to her touch, Seldon stirred and whimpered. ââ¬Å"Give me the blanket, Dr. Benastra,â⬠said Dors in a voice that was faint with relief. She flapped it open and spread it out in the snow. ââ¬Å"Lift him onto it carefully and I'll wrap him. Then we'll carry him down.â⬠In the elevator, vapors were rising from the wrapped Seldon as the blanket warmed to blood temperature. Dors said, ââ¬Å"Once we have him in his room, Dr. Leggen, you get a doctor-a good one-and see that he comes at once. If Dr. Seldon gets through this without harm, I won't say anything, but only if he does. Remember-ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"You needn't lecture me,â⬠said Leggen coldly. ââ¬Å"I regret this and I will do what I can, but my only fault was in allowing this man to come Upperside in the first place.â⬠The blanket stirred and a low, weak voice made itself heard. Benastra started, for Seldon's head was cradled in the crook of his elbow. He said, ââ¬Å"He's trying to say something.â⬠Dors said, ââ¬Å"I know. He said, ââ¬ËWhat's going on?' ââ¬Å" She couldn't help but laugh just a little. It seemed such a normal thing to say. 28. The doctor was delighted. ââ¬Å"I've never seen a case of exposure,â⬠he explained. ââ¬Å"One doesn't get exposed on Trantor.â⬠ââ¬Å"That may be,â⬠said Dors coldly, ââ¬Å"and I'm happy you have the chance to experience this novelty, but does it mean that you do not know how to treat Dr. Seldon?â⬠The doctor, an elderly man with a bald head and a small gray mustache, bristled. ââ¬Å"Of course, I do. Exposure cases on the Outer Worlds are common enough-an everyday affair-and I've read a great deal about them.â⬠Treatment consisted in part of an antiviral serum and the use of a microwave wrapping. ââ¬Å"This ought to take care of it,â⬠the doctor said. ââ¬Å"On the Outer Worlds, they make use of much more elaborate equipment in hospitals, but we don't have that, of course, on Trantor. This is a treatment for mild cases and I'm sure it will do the job.â⬠Dors thought later, as Seldon was recovering without particular injury, that it was perhaps because he was an Outworlder that he had survived so well. Dark, cold, even snow were not utterly strange to him. A Trantorian probably would have died in a similar case, not so much from physical trauma as from psychic shock. She was not sure of this, of course, since she herself was not a Trantorian either. And, turning her mind away from these thoughts, she pulled up a chair near to Hari's bed and settled down to wait. 29. On the second morning Seldon stirred awake and looked up at Dors, who sat at his bedside, viewing a book-film and taking notes. In a voice that was almost normal, Seldon said, ââ¬Å"Still here, Dors?â⬠She put down the book-film. ââ¬Å"I can't leave you alone, can I? And I don't trust anyone else.â⬠ââ¬Å"It seems to me that every time I wake up, I see you. Have you been here all the time?â⬠ââ¬Å"Sleeping or waking, yes.â⬠ââ¬Å"But your classes?â⬠ââ¬Å"I have an assistant who has taken over for a while.â⬠Dors leaned over and grasped Hari's hand. Noticing his embarrassment (he was, after all, in bed), she removed it. ââ¬Å"Hari, what happened? I was so frightened.â⬠Seldon said, ââ¬Å"I have a confession to make.â⬠ââ¬Å"What is it, Hari?â⬠ââ¬Å"I thought perhaps you were part of a conspiracy-ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"A conspiracy?â⬠she said vehemently. ââ¬Å"I mean, to maneuver me Upperside where I'd be outside University jurisdiction and therefore subject to being picked up by Imperial forces.â⬠ââ¬Å"But Upperside isn't outside University jurisdiction. Sector jurisdiction on Trantor is from the planetary center to the sky.â⬠ââ¬Å"Ah, I didn't know that. But you didn't come with me because you said you had a busy schedule and, when I was getting paranoid, I thought you were deliberately abandoning me. Please forgive me. Obviously, it was you who got me down from there. Did anyone else care?â⬠ââ¬Å"They were busy men,â⬠said Dors carefully. ââ¬Å"They thought you had come down earlier. I mean, it was a legitimate thought.â⬠ââ¬Å"Clowzia thought so too?â⬠ââ¬Å"The young intern? Yes, she did.â⬠ââ¬Å"Well, it may still have been a conspiracy. Without you, I mean.â⬠ââ¬Å"No, Hari, it is my fault. I had absolutely no right to let you go Upperside alone. It was my job to protect you. I can't stop blaming myself for what happened, for you getting lost.â⬠ââ¬Å"Now, wait a minute,â⬠said Seldon, suddenly irritated. ââ¬Å"I didn't get lost. What do you think I am?â⬠ââ¬Å"I'd like to know what you call it. You were nowhere around when the others left and you didn't get back to the entrance-or to the neighborhood of the entrance anyway-till well after dark.â⬠ââ¬Å"But that's not what happened. I didn't get lost just because I wandered away and couldn't find my way back. I told you I was suspecting a conspiracy and I had cause to do so. I'm not totally paranoid.â⬠ââ¬Å"Well then, what did happen?â⬠Seldon told her. He had no trouble remembering it in full detail; he had lived with it in nightmare for most of the preceding day. Dors listened with a frown. ââ¬Å"But that's impossible. A jet-down? Are you sure?â⬠ââ¬Å"Of course I'm sure. Do you think I was hallucinating?â⬠ââ¬Å"But the Imperial forces could not have been searching for you. They could not have arrested you Upperside without creating the same ferocious rumpus they would have if they had sent in a police force to arrest you on campus.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then how do you explain it?â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm not sure,â⬠said Dors, ââ¬Å"but it's possible that the consequences of my failure to go Upperside with you might have been worse than they were and that Hummin will be seriously angry with me.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then let's not tell him,â⬠said Seldon. ââ¬Å"It ended well.â⬠ââ¬Å"We must tell him,â⬠said Dors grimly. ââ¬Å"This may not be the end.â⬠30. That evening Jenarr Leggen came to visit. It was after dinner and he looked from Dors to Seldon several times, as though wondering what to say. Neither offered to help him, but both waited patiently. He had not impressed either of them as being a master of small talk. Finally he said to Seldon, ââ¬Å"I've come to see how you are.â⬠ââ¬Å"Perfectly well,â⬠said Seldon, ââ¬Å"except that I'm a little sleepy. Dr. Venabili tells me that the treatment will keep me tired for a few days, presumably so I'm sure of getting needed rest.â⬠He smiled. ââ¬Å"Frankly, I don't mind.â⬠Leggen breathed in deeply, let it out, hesitated, and then, almost as though he was forcing the words out of himself, said, ââ¬Å"I won't keep you long. I perfectly understand you need to rest. I do want to say, though, that I am sorry it all happened. I should not have assumed-so casually-that you had gone down by yourself. Since you were a tyro, I should have felt more responsible for you. After all, I had agreed to let you come up. I hope you can find it in your heart toâ⬠¦ forgive me. That's really all I wish to say.â⬠Seldon yawned, putting his hand over his mouth. ââ¬Å"Pardon me.-Since it seems to have turned out well, there need be no hard feelings. In some ways, it was not your fault. I should not have wandered away and, besides, what happened was-ââ¬Å" Dors interrupted. ââ¬Å"Now, Hari, please, no conversation. Just relax. Now, I want to talk to Dr. Leggen just a bit before he goes. In the first place, Dr. Leggen, I quite understand you are concerned about how repercussions from this affair will affect you. I told you there would be no follow-up if Dr. Seldon recovered without ill effects. That seems to be taking place, so you may relax-for now. I would like to ask you about something else and I hope that this time I will have your free cooperation.â⬠ââ¬Å"I will try, Dr. Venabili,â⬠said Leggen stiffly. ââ¬Å"Did anything unusual happen during your stay Upperside?â⬠ââ¬Å"You know it did. I lost Dr. Seldon, something for which I have just apologized.â⬠ââ¬Å"Obviously I'm not referring to that. Did anything else unusual happen?â⬠ââ¬Å"No, nothing. Nothing at all.â⬠Dors looked at Seldon and Seldon frowned. It seemed to him that Dors was trying to check on his story and get an independent account. Did she think he was imagining the search vessel? He would have liked to object heatedly, but she had raised a quieting hand at him, as though she was preventing that very eventuality. He subsided, partly because of this and partly because he really wanted to sleep. He hoped that Leggen would not stay long. ââ¬Å"Are you certain?â⬠said Dors. ââ¬Å"Were there no intrusions from outside?â⬠ââ¬Å"No, of course not. Oh-ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Yes, Dr. Leggen?â⬠ââ¬Å"There was a jet-down.â⬠ââ¬Å"Did that strike you as peculiar?â⬠ââ¬Å"No, of course not.â⬠ââ¬Å"Why not?â⬠ââ¬Å"This sounds very much as though I'm being cross-examined, Dr. Venabili. I don't much like it.â⬠ââ¬Å"I can appreciate that, Dr. Leggen, but these questions have something to do with Dr. Seldon's misadventure. It may be that this whole affair is more complicated than I had thought.â⬠ââ¬Å"In what way?â⬠A new edge entered his voice. ââ¬Å"Do you intend to raise new questions, requiring new apologies? In that case, I may find it necessary to withdraw.â⬠ââ¬Å"Not, perhaps, before you explain how it is you do not find a hovering jet-down a bit peculiar.â⬠ââ¬Å"Because, my dear woman, a number of meteorological stations on Trantor possess jet-downs for the direct study of clouds and the upper atmosphere. Our own meteorological station does not.â⬠ââ¬Å"Why not? It would be useful.â⬠ââ¬Å"Of course. But we're not competing and we're not keeping secrets. We will report on our findings; they will report on theirs. It makes sense, therefore, to have a scattering of differences and specializations. It would be foolish to duplicate efforts completely. The money and manpower we might spend on jet-downs can be spent on mesonic refractometers, while others will spend on the first and save on the latter. After all, there may be a great deal of competitiveness and ill feeling among the sectors, but science is one thing-only thing-that holds us together. You know that, I presume,â⬠he added ironically. ââ¬Å"I do, but isn't it rather coincidental that someone should be sending a jet-down right to your station on the very day you were going to use the station?â⬠ââ¬Å"No coincidence at all. We announced that we were going to make measurements on that day and, consequently, some other station thought, very properly, that they might make simultaneous nephelometric measurements-clouds, you know. The results, taken together, would make more sense and be more useful than either taken separately.â⬠Seldon said suddenly in a rather blurred voice, ââ¬Å"They were just measuring, then?â⬠He yawned again. ââ¬Å"Yesâ⬠said Leggen. ââ¬Å"What else would they possibly be doing?â⬠Dors blinked her eyes, as she sometimes did when she was trying to think rapidly. ââ¬Å"That all makes sense. To which station did this particular jet-down belong?â⬠Leggen shook his head. ââ¬Å"Dr. Venabili, how can you possibly expect me to tell?â⬠ââ¬Å"I thought that each meteorological jet-down might possibly have its station's markings on it.â⬠ââ¬Å"Surely, but I wasn't looking up and studying it, you know. I had my own work to do and I let them do theirs. When they report, I'll know whose jet-down it was.â⬠ââ¬Å"What if they don't report?â⬠ââ¬Å"Then I would suppose their instruments failed. That happens sometimes.â⬠His right fist was clenched. ââ¬Å"Is that all, then?â⬠ââ¬Å"Wait a moment. Where do you suppose the jet-down might have come from?â⬠ââ¬Å"It might be any station with jet-downs. On a day's notice-and they got more than that-one of those vessels can reach us handily from anyplace on the planet.â⬠ââ¬Å"But who most likely?â⬠ââ¬Å"Hard to say: Hestelonia, Wye, Ziggoreth, North Damiano. I'd say one of these four was the most likely, but it might be any of forty others at least.â⬠ââ¬Å"Just one more question, then. Just one. Dr. Leggen, when you announced that your group would be Upperside, did you by any chance say that a mathematician, Dr. Hari Seldon, would be with you.â⬠A look of apparently deep and honest surprise crossed Leggen's face, a look that quickly turned contemptuous. ââ¬Å"Why should I list names? Of what interest would that be to anyone?â⬠ââ¬Å"Very well,â⬠said Dors. ââ¬Å"The truth of the matter, then, is that Dr. Seldon saw the jet-down and it disturbed him. I am not certain why and apparently his memory is a bit fuzzy on the matter. He more or less ran away from the jet-down, got himself lost, didn't think of trying to return-or didn't dare to-till it was well into twilight, and didn't quite make it back in the dark. You can't be blamed for that, so let's forget the whole incident on both sides. ââ¬Å"Agreed,â⬠said Leggen. ââ¬Å"Good-bye!â⬠He turned on his heel and left. When he was gone, Dors rose, pulled off Seldon's slippers gently, straightened him in his bed, and covered him. He was sleeping, of course. Then she sat down and thought. How much of what Leggen had said was true and what might possibly exist under the cover of his words? She did not know. rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-22204252174668015012020-01-11T01:33:00.001-08:002020-01-11T01:33:04.478-08:00Development and Training – EssayEffective training plans teach employees the skills ND behaviors that help the organization achieve their defined goals. Struck is the number one specialty coffee retailer serving millions of people in 16,000 locations in 50 countries (Struck, 2010). Struck employees go through vigorous training to ensure that each cup of coffee Is brewed to perfection. While Struck may have a well-trained staff, errors can be made, and additional training may be needed.The needs assessment is the process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and employees' tasks to determine what kind of training, if any, is necessary. An organizational analysis of Struck shows that It Is an organization that concentrates on serving a niche market and needs to continually update its workforce on specialized skill sets. Effective training objectives have three components and should include the following measurable performance standards: 1 A statement of what the employee Is expected to do, the perform ance or outcome. . A statement of the quality or level of performance that Is acceptable. 3. A statement of the conditions under which the trainee is expected to apply what he or she learned. Data gathered from the organization, and task analysis will help identify raining materials needed to develop an effective training program. Struck Is a successful company not only because it serves a great cup of coffee but also because the company has developed a great culture with a leading training program for its managers and employees.One of the first things that a new employee at Struck learns is that all employees are called partners. Struck calls their employees partners because they openly value and respect each partner and acknowledge that their success would not be possible without the contributions they make on a daily basis. Partners are coached on the Star Skills, three guidelines for on-the-job interpersonal relations: (1 ) maintain and enhance self-esteem, (2) listen and acknow ledge, and (3) ask for help (Struck, 2010).Struck has numerous proprietary processes and recipes so they do not often contract or outsource their training. Most of the training partners receive is hands-on and provided by experienced partners and the management team at the store. The bulk of a new partners training Is spent on proper beverage preparation. This training Involves such satellites as grinding the beans, steaming milk, learning to pull perfect shot of espresso, remembering the correct amount of shots and syrup pumps the different FIFO Arles require, Ana practice, practice, practice on making ten core coffee Diverges.Struck sets drink standards to be memorized and followed. Milk must be steamed to at least 150 degrees Fahrenheit but never more than 170 degrees unless the customer requests it to be hotter. Always pull a perfect espresso shot if the shot is shorter than 18 seconds or longer than 23 seconds it must be tossed out. Always have fresh coffee a new pot is to be b rewed every 20 minutes. If a customer is satisfied with his or her experience or beverage partners are empowered to compensate them with a Struck coupon for a free drink (Thompson & Strickland, 1999).Additional lessons are provided on how to clean the milk wand on the espresso machine and how to calibrate the espresso machines for the perfect grind. The amount of information that a new partner has to process can oftentimes be overwhelming so to help out they are provided with laminated recipe cards for all the drinks on the menu and a pocket-sized green apron book that covers the star skills and fits perfectly their green apron, online training for the cash register and loneliness standards, and the support of all the other partners on the floor.The training received by partners can seem intense but the teamwork and culture created leaves customers with such great impressions the often return Just for the enjoyable experience As the staff becomes seasoned, some of the training gets forgotten and mistakes happen. ââ¬Å"In its campaign to revive the intimate, friendly feel of a neighborhood coffee shop, Struck orchestrated the closing of 7,100 of its American stores at precisely 5:30 p. M. Or a three-hour retraining session for employeesâ⬠(Grumman, 2008, Para. 2). The training objective is primarily focused on recipe consistency so Struck decided their plan would be more effective by incorporating in-house expertise as part of the training medium. The program will combine the presentation and hands-on training methods where employees receive information individually, and in a group sessions to have the opportunity to actively practice the specific skills being taught.The group sessions allow employees to discuss new techniques to improve the taste and texture of drinks as well as share best practices for maintaining beverage consistency while adhering to the standards or espresso shots and milk quality. Refresher training is an excellent tool to keep seas oned staff trained on the basics and to reduce the amount of errors made. This type of training is very informal and can be done at the store as opposed to in a classroom. An on-the-spot correction is a type of refresher training that can be done relatively quickly.If an employee makes an error making a cup of coffee, he or she can be given refresher training immediately. Managers will have to ensure that this training is not done to demean the employee, but to re-inform him or her of the proper steps. Another on-the-spot correction that can be made is with customer service. Each employee is given four hours of customer service training before entering a store. Sometimes, the basics can be forgotten, and human nature can override training on any given day.In this case, managers can pull an employee aside and remind him on how important customer satisfaction is to Struck. Again, this is not meant to embarrass the employee, but simply to retrain the basics. It is important that refres her training be done at the store and not in a different location. On-the-spot corrections cannot be trained in a classroom because it loses its efficiency. This training needs to happen immediately (or a few hours) after an error NAS occurred so ten employees can learn ten proper steps quickly Ana prevent Torture errors of that nature.It is also important to note that employees learn better in their own environment and would be able to use their refresher training immediately. Once the training needs and objectives are identified, training materials are created, and the training medium is agreed upon the next step is implementation of the training process. The way people learn is an important factor to consider in the implementation process of any training program. Learning objectives must be communicated clearly and presented distinctly so that trainees link the subject matter to their Jobs and the organization's goals.Multiple delivery techniques can be used to train employees su ch as traditional presentations or lectures that are given in classroom settings, the use of computer-based training (CB) on-line, internships or work-study mentoring programs, simulation training, or hands on-the-Job training (JOT) techniques. The training context or physical environment should mirror the work environment. Training sessions and materials should use familiar terms, concepts, and examples.Any of the techniques Struck selects is dependent on their training objective, the materials covered, and the timeshare in which the employee is expected to develop the learned traits. When the course objectives call for presenting information on a specific topic to many trainees, classroom instruction is one of the least expensive and least time-consuming ways to accomplish the goal. The refresher training program Struck developed is centered primarily on JOT techniques and is expected to be more effective because the trainers will enhance heir lectures with Job-related examples an d trainees have opportunities for hands- on learning.The on-site instructors or facilitators are available to answer questions and give immediate corrective feedback. Evaluation is an integral part of the training and development process. Evaluation tools help to determine the effectiveness of the training programs and materials that employees receive. Evidence suggests that because of insufficient budget or time, lack of expertise, blind trust in training solutions or lack of methods and tools, the evaluations are often inconsistent or missing (Ma, 2006).At Struck it is all about the customer experience customer satisfaction is how Struck evaluates the effectiveness of their training processes. They have implemented a few processes to get feedback from their customers these include secret shoppers, customer comment cards, customer care phone number, and online surveys that print on random customer receipts throughout the day. All of the information is gathered together and sent dir ectly to the store management, the management to assess the training needs for their store then uses the comments and feedback provided.The first order of good service in the food industry is employee knowledge. Employees should know about the organizational goals, the products, and their preparations as well as the ability to share that knowledge with customers. If an employee does not know or understand what they are talking about they cannot sell or serve effectively (Turning, 2000). Struck offers a dizzying array of coffee drinks and expects their employees to be fully versed in how to make the drinks consistently because this is the foundation of the Struck concept. rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-56142295704955194642020-01-02T21:55:00.001-08:002020-01-02T21:55:03.897-08:00Philosophies of China and India Essay - 858 Words China and India have many philosophical schools of thought. There are multiple similarities as well as a plethora of differences. While China has a wide range of thoughts concerning eternal salvation and everyday rule, India is more narrow-minded in their approach. The differences are astounding and the similarities are few and far between. Each nation has a distinctly different school of thought, which ultimately led to the establishment of their current day societies. China has many different schools of thought, most of which build upon or agree with each other. One of the constant schools of thought is the Mandate of Heaven. The Mandate is seen in many different dynasties throughout the history of China. It was created during the Zhouâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Taoism is a rather interesting thought, but many saw it as useless, leading to a legalistic approach to life. Legalism erupted in China. It became a popular idea for multiple dynasties. The thought of legalism is a strict rule of law, and that anyone that breaks the law is severely punished. It was used to show legitimacy of power in rulers and to curtain rebellion and overthrow of the government. Lastly, Mohism is the idea of universal love. Basically, think about the ideal as the hippie movement. Mohism states that we should love everyone universally and that will help improve our lives. Indian philosophy differs greatly from China in many areas. The basic principles of Indian philosophy are Dharma, Rta, and Karma, all relating to Hinduism. The basic principles are also based upon the Indian caste system. There are four different levels of the caste system or Varnas. They different levels of the system are the Brahman (priests), Kshatriya (warriors and officials), Vaishya (merchants and artisans), and outcastes (unclean, sick, dirty jobs). Your success in life and the ability to reach eternal life is based upon your social status; Dharma is the belief in Natural Law or the divinely instituted order of things or Rta. It refers to personal obligations and duties. Dharma is affected by age, caste, occupation, and gender. It is believed that if you live in accordance with dharma than you will proceed more quickly toward personal liberation. Karma is the conceptShow MoreRelatedHan China vs. Mauryan/Gupta India Essay1132 Words à |à 5 PagesAnalyze similarities and diff erences in methods of political control in the following empires in the classical period. Han China (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.) Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.-550 C.E.) During the Classical period, Han China and Mauryan/Gupta India developed many methods of political control. Although these empires were located in different geographic regions, they both used social hierarchy, language, bureaucracy, and religion as a means of political control. Many of ClassicalRead MoreThe Impact Confucius, Gandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India1525 Words à |à 7 PagesGandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India ââ¬ËThe future depends on what you do todayââ¬â¢(Gandhi). 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(Witt, et al., 2001, p.443) Looking at the areas of religion and philosophy, architecture, and music, will bring to light some of those aspects and theRead MoreThe Spread of Buddhism Essay1149 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Spread of Buddhism Buddhism is a philosophy, a moral code, and, for some a religious faith which originated in 530 BC in India. Buddhism evolved as a modification of Hinduism when Hinduism started to become very complicated due to too many sacrifices in the name of God. Today, an estimated 300 million people follow one of the many varieties of Buddhism. Budda, or Siddhartha Guatama which means the awakened one had the religion named after him because he founded the ideas behind BuddhismRead MoreCompare and contrast India and Chinas population1547 Words à |à 7 PagesChina and India are the two countries that have the highest population in the world. Both countries have realised that family planning and population control had to happen around the 1950s for India and the 1970s for China. This essay will seek to compare and contrast China and India, focusing on what the major problems facing both are, why have they both had to implement policies regarding population control, and the long-term and short-term effects that these policies have on the two countriesRead MoreReligion in China and India1280 Words à |à 6 PagesRELIGIONS IN CHINA AND INDIA There are many different religions in both China and India. The most popular religions in China are ancient Confucianism and Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Protestant, Catholic, and a new form of religion Falun Gong. India has many religions that are different or the same as the Chinese. Indian religions include: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism. There are also many people from China that do not follow a religion because of its communistRead MoreThe Religion Of Buddhism And Buddhism1730 Words à |à 7 Pageseffect when it began to spread from India where it originated, to many Asian countries especially China where it would have the biggest impact. In China, Buddhism would take root and would grow to become a popular religion in the country much like the other major religions of China, Confucianism and Taoism, which together with Buddhism would later be known as the ââ¬Å"Three Teachingsâ⬠. Additionally, at some point Buddhism would began to lose its popularity in India due to Hinduism, which had absorbedRead MoreEssay on Exploring International Psychology1045 Words à |à 5 PagesAge of Greece, philosophy was largely derivative. (2009, p.66) Even with the decrease of wisdom philosophies, ancient Greek theories and philosophies are clearly associated Western psychology. Ancient Roots of psychology in China China has ancient roots in psychology originating with a philosophy that has shaped the culture of China. I was impressed to learn how far back the thinking of psychology was present in China as described by Jing and Fu: Psychological thinking in China originated 2000Read MoreEssay on Compare/Contrast China and India896 Words à |à 4 PagesChina and India China and India were both very advanced ancient civilizations. Both agricultural based civilizations made various technological advances. Although China and India shared many similarities, they had differences such as the social system, politics, and the importance of trade in the economy. The hierarchy of ancient China and India were similar with a noticeable sign of select individuals being considered ââ¬Å"higherâ⬠then others. The caste system was strict in India and prohibited otherRead MoreThe Monument Of The Tomb Of Emperor Qin1072 Words à |à 5 Pagesorbs the red sun and its symbol. The woman awaits her ascent to heaven, where she can attain immortality. Daoism and Confucianism are both philosophies and religions native to China. Both schools of thought attracted wide followings during the Warring States Period. The Daoism emerged out of the metaphysical teachings attributed to Laozi. Daoist philosophy stresses an intuitive awareness, nurtured by harmonious contact with nature, and shuns everything artificial. Daoists seek to follow the universal rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-62383167356972751282019-12-25T18:22:00.001-08:002019-12-25T18:22:05.203-08:00Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1407 Words ââ¬ËTo Kill a Mockingbirdââ¬â¢ takes place in Maycomb, a tired town in Alabama where ââ¬ËThere was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it withââ¬â¢. Based on Harper leeââ¬â¢s hometown, Maycomb is fictitious, a microcosm of society in Americaââ¬â¢s deep south. Through Maycomb Lee presents the issues she sees in society such as the flawed education system, prejudice towards outsiders, racism, and ultimately the dire need for courage, in order to change these problems. The reader is introduced to Maycombââ¬â¢s flaws through the narrator Scout, who faces her first real adversity from her school teacher. Scout presents her aptitude for reading and writing to Miss Caroline Fisher who issues a rebuttal, now you tell your father not to teach you anymore , thus revealing her rigorous submission to a narrow way of teaching. The system also neglects those who could benefit most from education. Walter Cunningham explains ââ¬Ëreason I canââ¬â¢t pass the first grade, Mr Finch, is Iââ¬â¢ve had to stay out everââ¬â¢ spring anââ¬â¢ help papa with the choppinââ¬â¢, but thereââ¬â¢s anotherââ¬â¢n at the house now thatââ¬â¢s field sizeââ¬â¢. The declarative sentence shows how this seems entirely normal to Walter, because the systemââ¬â¢s flaws seem inevitable. The connective ââ¬Ëbutââ¬â¢ implies hope that his education may progress due to a younger sibling taking over his jobs. However it also shows his place in a cycle which prevents children like Walter from receiving an education, as it is veryShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words à |à 5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeââ¬Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Leeââ¬â¢s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel ââ¬Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words à |à 4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the d ifference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words à |à 6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words à |à 4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that ââ¬Å"itââ¬â¢s a sin to kill a mock ingbirdâ⬠throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinsonââ¬â¢s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words à |à 4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words à |à 5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about oneââ¬â¢s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words à |à 4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words à |à 7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ââ¬Ëtired old townââ¬â¢ where the inhabitants have ââ¬Ënowhere to goââ¬â¢ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words à |à 8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words à |à 5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Leeââ¬â¢s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch, rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-30629359082230756952019-12-17T14:12:00.001-08:002019-12-17T14:12:03.984-08:00Essay on Sensitive Periods in Developement - 1258 Words Sensitive Periods in Developement The child does not grow uniformly and homogeneously like a crystal or a carrot, but by stages or phases, which succeed one another and which, differ from one another. For proper growth and development it is necessary that the potentialities for developing human relationships with which the infant is born be exposed to the organizing influences of another human being. Accumulating evidence indicates that there exist critical developmental periods during which the organism is ready for differential development, within which periods it must receive the proper stimulations if it is to develop adequately. These critical developmental periods may be broadly outlined as follows: 1) The period duringâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦2) Maternal deprivation for a period varying for days within the first and second years, and weeks or months during the third and fourth years. 3) Changes from one mother-figure to another during the first four or five years. With respect to the reality of the critical developmental periods, it is, of course, well known that such critical developmental periods exist in the development of the body, with the principle well established that the earlier the interference with their development the more widespread will the disturbance in growth be. Tissues must reach a certain stage of differentiation before they can respond; later such tissues achieve a certain relative fixity, so that they can yield. Prenatal environmental influences For many years , in fact, it was believed that the baby in the uterus was completely insulated form all outside influences, but now we know that is not entirely true. Environmental influences ranging from radioactivity and stress in the outside world to drugs, chemicals, hormones, and viruses in the mothers bloodstream can affect prenatal development. Even though the placenta acts as a filter, keeping the blood of the mother and the fetus from mixing, a number of potentially dangerous substances can pass through it. And, of course, if theShow MoreRelatedApproaches to Care for Hypertensive African Americans2389 Words à |à 10 Pagesother chronic problems, it can be understood that a person can develop hypertension and go living with his or her normal routine life without clearly noticing its occurence and growth. In this manner, hypertension tends to go undetected for longer periods of time until it causes other chronic diseases in the body. Sinc e African Americans are more prone to hypertension, the development of chronic issues such as kidney problems and heart diseases is more common in them as compared to their white counterpartsRead MoreAlphabet Swoth and Pestel Analysis2061 Words à |à 9 Pagesdeficiencies in present resources of the organisation, as they limit its effectivness, prgress, developement and expansion. All issues has to be resolved as soon as possible, actions have to be taken to minimise any possoble harm cause by them. This includes only internal factors. Opportunities are external elements which create an advantage for the company. The organisation must be extremly sensitive to changes on market to be able to use all these changes in its profit. This includes externalRead MoreDols of Mattel - Challenges on the Global Markets2134 Words à |à 9 Pagesà Theà futureà ofà theà Starà brandsà areà hard toà estimate,à asà theseà haveà aà shortà historyà soà far. Mattelà actsà wellà inà theà preà schoolà market,à thanksà toà Fisherà Priceà (acquiredà inà 1993,à andà alsoà HITà wasà aquiredà in 2011).3 Lookingà onà theà brandsà above,à aà changeà canà beà detectedà onà theà brandà developementà appearedà inà theà lastà years. Beforeà 2000à toysà usedà toà springà fromà entertainmentà (Batman,à Simpsons,à etc.).à Nowadaysà (asà theà exampleà ofà Max Steelà representsà it)à entertainmentà isà madeà toà supportsà theà toys.1à Thisà newà communicationà approachà wasà alsoà appliedRead MoreGlobal Pollution4546 Words à |à 19 Pagesconstruction contaminants (listed at air pollution) as well as water runoff of construction contaminants (as listed for water pollution). Soil may constitute a sink for pollutants and some of those may accumulate in soil and persists over longer periods of time (e.g., PAHs). * Noise Pollution ââ¬â noise is usually associated with construction work although modern preventive measures may substantially reduce the amount of noise (in the neighboring community). Noise may adversely affect your healthRead MoreCredit Appraisal20118 Words à |à 81 Pages INTRODUCTION The Banking industry in India has a huge canvas of history, which covers the traditional banking practices from the time of Britishers to the reforms period, nationalization to privatisation of banks and now increasing numbers of foreign banks in India. Therefore, Banking in India has been through a long journey. Theà Banking Industryà was once a simple and reliable business that took deposits from investorsRead MoreEssay on Virtual Child16751 Words à |à 68 PagesA: Your partner will spend more time changing diapers, feeding, and playing with Preslee. 9) How does your babys eating, sleeping and motor development compare to the typical developmental patterns? Preslees eating, sleeping, and motor developement has gone quite well lately. Ive made it to where she is able to try new foods such as meats, fruits, and vegetables. She is sleeping at night to where Ill get up maybe every now and then to soothe her. She is able to crawl and search around forRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words à |à 820 PagesMoran. This edition brought additional insight, expertise, and depth to the discussions. With the fourth edition, published in 1993, the two authors expanded the coverage to include themes of importance for an international audience. Over that 15-year period, the previous editions had been translated into several languagesââ¬âsome without prior knowledge of the authors and publisher. That edition also changed its title to Library and Information Center Management to more accurately reflect a broader focus rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-30508059572904672372019-12-09T10:55:00.001-08:002019-12-09T10:55:02.698-08:00Risk Analysis and Management Plan â⬠Free samples for Students Question: Discuss About the Risk Analysis and Management Plan? Answer: Introducation The risks facing the Store has been identified as banking risk, compliance risk, and Mangers risk. The next step is to classify them in the probability/ likelihood of their occurrence. According to the probability of occurrence, risks are classified as; Rare risks Unlikely risks Possible risks Likely risks And, frequent risks Our case can be classified as shown below; Banking Risk- This is considered as possible risks because the $4000 was kept in the cash register every day without being banked. Thieves can break into the Caf and steal the money (CMC, et al., 2003, p. 45). Travel Risk- This is an unlikely risk. Although the manager will be driving in a steep and narrow road used by trucks as well, it is difficult for an accident to occur during the day. Note that the manager travels during the day. Compliance By-Law Risk- Manger and employees cannot be fined for using more water than estimated or breaching the existing by-laws. Therefore, this is an unlikely risk (Rejda McNamara, 2013, p. 67). Consequences Failing to control/ solve these risks, would lead to inconveniences besides grave danger to the Company. Consequences are classified as Insignificant, Minor, Major, and Catastrophic (Kamiya, et al., 2007, p. 109). The risks facing the Company can be classified as shown below (based on their merits). Banking Risk- Not banking the money every day, is likely to attract thieves to the Store. If theft occurs, the lives of the employees would be endangered. Therefore, this is a major risk if not addressed. Travel Risk- There is a probability for an accident to occur when the manager is traveling to attend the meeting. The possibility of the accident occurring is high when navigating the steep and narrow road. The can would insure the manager in the occurrence of an accident (Coleman, 2011, p. 78). Likewise, the Company will have to find another personnel plays the role of a manager which would slow its operations. Therefore, the risk arising from traveling is a major one. Compliance By-Law Risk- According to the current water compliance by-laws, the company can pay a fine of up to $500,000 if it does not use water effectively Likewise, the company will suffer a loss which is a drawback to its profitability. This is a minor risk (Crouhy, et al., 2014, p. 93). Priorities Priorities are used to rate the risks by creating a risk matrix. To create a risk matrix, likelihood is multiplied with the consequences. Based on our situation, the risks are prioritized as; Extreme for banking risk Leaving a total of $4000 days sales at the Cafs safe should be treated as an extreme risk. This creates a possibility for theft as well as endangering the lives of the employees. High for managers travel risk The traveling risk for the manager is considered to be a high risk. If an accident occurs, the company will spend money to insure the manager as well as temporary filling the position of the manager with another person leading to extra expenditure (Rejda McNamara, 2013, p. 93). And, medium for failing to comply with water usage by-laws. Using water efficiently is crucial. If the company fails to comply with the current by-laws, it might attract a fine of $50,000. Therefore, this is a medium risk. Management Options The next step is to come up with effective management options to mitigate the risks. The risk management plan for the Company comprises of the risk under consideration, rating, control, stakeholders responsibilities and roles, timeline, and monitoring (Newton, 2013, p. 145). Risk Risk Assess Controls Monitoring Timeline Role Player Banking Risk Extreme The Company should one a bank account and deposit the $4000 every day. Obtaining a weekly statement from the bank. Between 2 to 3 weeks Financial manager. Travel Risk High The meetings attended by the manager should end by 3pm. This would allow him time to travel back and avoid travelling at late hours Check the time the manager finishes the meetings and try to adjust the time he finishes his shift before attending the meeting. Between 1 to 2 weeks New policy CEO. Compliance with bylaws Medium The employees need to be educated on current bylaws and the importance of compliance. Check the monthly bill on water usage. 2 weeks Store Manager Goldsmith Partners. Efficient water usage Medium The Company should educate its employees about the procedures and policies governing its operations. Specific attention should be put on right water usage. Supervising the employees while performing their work. Check the monthly water bills Between 1 to 2 weeks CEO Store Manager. References List CMC, CPCM Conrow, P. E., 2003. Effective Risk Managemen. New Jersey: AIAA; 2nd edition. Coleman, T. S., 2011. A Practical Guide to Risk Management. New York: Research Foundation of CFA Institute. Crouhy, M., Galai, D. Mark, R., 2014. he Essentials of Risk Management. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Kamiya, S., Shi, P., Schmit, J. Rosenberg, M., 2007. Risk Management Terms. University of Wisconsin-Madison: Actuarial Science, Risk Management and Insurance Department. Newton, P., 2013. Managing Project Risk. New Jersey: Bookboon.com. Rejda, G. E. McNamara, M., 2013. Principles of Risk Management and Insurance. Paris: Pearson Series. rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5458994592420624544.post-22272030153887603112019-12-01T22:36:00.001-08:002019-12-01T22:36:05.795-08:00Prime Bank Essay ExamplePrime Bank Essay 1. 1 Introduction of the Report In the modern competitive environment, the pursuit of service quality is now considered to be an essential strategy. Offering a superior product is no longer sufficient, as firms in the 21st century economy compete on a much broader platform. In terms of the banking sector, service quality has become an increasingly important factor for success and survival (Cui, Lewis, Park, 2003). Provision of high quality service aids in meeting several requirements such as customer satisfaction and its consequent loyalty and market share, soliciting new customers, improved productivity, financial performance and profitability (Collet, Lancier, Olliver, 1990; Julian Ramaseshan, 1994; Lewis, 1989, 1993; Llosa, Chandon, Orsingher, 1998). It has also become an important research topic because of its important relationship to corporate marketing and financial performance. In the current study the researcher intends to find out the customer service performance of Prime Bank Limited and also compare the performance with other private sector banks. The Prime Bank Limited is a national banking group that is incorporated on the 12th February, 1995 as a consequence of relentless and decided efforts of a group of entrepreneurs having excellence of experience exposure in the different fields of industry, trade and commerce of Bangladesh. We will write a custom essay sample on Prime Bank specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Prime Bank specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Prime Bank specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To prepare a specific and precise analysis on service quality performance, the researcher will consider the SURVQUAL model proposed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988) which consists of five key dimensions like reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. 1. 2 Origin of the Study This report has been prepared as a requirement of the internship program of School of Business, North South University (NSU). The organization attachment started on 24 January 2010 and ended on 24th April 2010. This project on ââ¬Å"Comparative Analysis of Customer Service Quality of Prime Bank Limited with other Private Commercial Banksâ⬠is assigned by Kazi Tozammel Huq, Assistant Vice President, Motijheel Branch, Prime Bank Limited (PBL) and it was approved by institution supervisor Mr. Muntasir Alam, Lecturer, School of Business, North South University (NSU). 1. 3 Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to make a comparative analysis of customer service quality of Prime Bank Limited with other private commercial banks. This study attempted to understand the customer perceptions on different service quality dimensions while dealing with these banks. The purpose is also to make recommendations for improving the quality and soundness of different services provided to the customers by Prime bank Limited. 1. 4 Statement of the problem In the current study, the researcher will use five important dimensions like reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles to find out the customer service quality of Prime bank Limited and thus compare the service quality with other private commercial banks in Bangladesh. The problem statement, then, is stated as follows: The current study will identify the customer service quality of Prime bank Limited considering key dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles and compare the performance with other private commercial banks in Bangladesh. 1. 5 Research Methodology 1. 5. 1 Research design As the purpose of this study is to make a comparative analysis of customer service quality of different private commercial banks, therefore descriptive research was undertaken to fulfill the main purpose of the study. The current study will compare the customer perceptions of service quality of Prime Bank Limited with the private commercial banks such as Dhaka Bank Ltd, Southeast Bank Ltd and Mercantile Bank Ltd under five key dimensions like tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This research will use a descriptive study to discover the ideas and insights of these different service quality dimensions. Therefore, the current study will be characterized as a descriptive study. 1. 5. 2 Sampling method For the current study, the researcher will use the customers of four ifferent private commercial banks such as Prime Bank Limited, Dhaka Bank Ltd, Southeast Bank Ltd and Mercantile Bank Ltd as the sample for the study. For this proposed study, the population will be the customers of different private commercial banks in Bangladesh. The researcher will use stratified random sampling to collect the sample for this study. In a recent study Sureshchandar, Rajendran, and Anantharam an (2003) have also utilized this sampling method to make a comparative analysis of customer perceptions of service quality in the banking sector. The stratification will be done based on the four different banks. From each of the banks, about 20 customers will be randomly selected and thus the sample size will be 80. Data have been collected using the ââ¬Å"personal-contactâ⬠approach, i. e. the respondents have been approached personally and given a detailed explanation about the survey. 1. 5. 3 Survey Instrument In the current study, the researcher will use a questionnaire to collect the data from the sample. Structured questionnaire will be used in this research. The questionnaire used in this study is comprised of two parts. The first part contains questions about personal profiles of the respondents including age, occupation and types of accounts currently holding. Then the next and final part includes expectations of respondents according to five dimensions. These dimensions are reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. A seven-point Likert scale ranging from ââ¬Å"strongly disagree = 1â⬠to ââ¬Å"strongly agree = 7â⬠was used to measure the 21 items. This 21-item SURVQUAL scale is developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988). Since Parasuraman et al. 1988) introduced the SERVQUAL instrument, many researchers have also used, extended and developed this scale to study service quality in different sectors of the services industry (Fick Ritchie, 1991; Babakus Mangold, 1992; Coyle Dale, 1993; Cronin Taylor, 1992; Lewis Pescetto, 1996; Smith, 1995; Buttle, 1996; Lam, Wong, Yeung, 1997; Lim Tang, 2000; Oldfield Baron, 2000; Gounaris, Stathakopoulos, Athanass opoulos, 2003). 1. 5. 4 Data Collection The study was conducted on the basis of both the primary and secondary ources of information. Primary data Primary data were collected through questionnaire from the customers of Prime Bank Limited, Dhaka Bank Ltd, Southeast Bank Ltd and Mercantile Bank Ltd. Secondary data Annual reports of PBL, Instruction circular of Head Office, Brochures of different Banks, online articles. 1. 5. 5 Data analysis procedure In the current situation, the proposed study is a comparative study which intends to analyze the customer service quality of Prime Bank Limited with other Private Commercial Banks. As a result, after collecting the data the researcher will use Mean value to make the comparison among the banks considering the five dimensions of service quality measurement. Several studies have utilized the mean value to analyze the service quality dimensions (Joseph Stone, 2003; Dotchin Oakland, 1994; Cuthbert, 1996; Allred Addams 2000). In this study, the researcher will also use factor analysis to analyze the data for the proposed study. The researcher intends to check if the scale items included in the questionnaire constituted a single dimension in the specific context of the different private commercial banks and then make a comparison between the banks. Some previous studies have also utilized factor analysis to study service quality of different service organizations (Cui, Lewis, Park, 2003; Cuthbert, 1996; Arasli, Mehtap-Smadi, Katircioglu, 2005). To analyze the data gathered from the survey Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 12. 0 is utilized. 1. 5. 6 Survey Time The survey time for the current study is April, 2010. 1. 6 Limitations of the Study The major limitations of this study are given as follows a. There were some restrictions to have access to the information confidential by concern authority. b. For the comparative analysis only the branches of the four private commercial banks which are located in Gulshan, Banani and Mohakhali areas are selected to collect data for the research. c. In the current study only the perceptions of the customers regarding the service quality is measured. The expectations of the customers regarding the five dimensions of service quality could be measured in such study to evaluate the gap score between perceptions and expectations. . Sufficient records, publications regarding customer service were not available as per requirement. e. Non-cooperative behavior of some officials from few branches. 2. 1 Introduction of the Organization The Prime Bank Limited (PBL) is a national banking group that is incorporated on the 12th February, 1995 as a consequence of relentless and decided efforts of a group of entrepreneurs having excellence of experience exposure in the different fields of industry, trade and commerce of the country. It started operation as a commercial bank on the 17th April 1995 with a branch at Motijheel. At present the bank has 36 branches spread all over the country. It renders all types of commercial banking services to the customers of all strata in the society within the stipulations laid down the bank company act 1991 and rules and regulations formed by Bangladesh from time to time. Diversification of products and services and innovation of products suited to the needs of the customers in keeping with relevant rules and laws have made it different from other commercial banks of the country. PBLââ¬â¢s national business in personal banking, corporate banking and its markets are its special strengths. It maintains correspondent relationship with all over the banks in countries. Prime Bank Limited is a forward looking and modern local bank with a record of sound performance. It is discarding its erstwhile conservative mould and in response to the current dynamic trends in locally financial activities, adopting an aggressive customer focused system. The effort that Prime Bank makes in order to portray the bank as a brand image is very strong and successful. The general image is that it is ââ¬Å"trustworthy, efficient, helpful and committedâ⬠. The logo of the bank depicts the merger of confidence. Prime Bank Ltd. has already made significant progress within a very short period of its existences. The bank has been graded as a top class bank in the country through internationally accepted CAMEL rating. The Bank made satisfactory progress in all areas of business operation in 2004. Prime Bank offers all kinds of commercial corporate and personal banking services covering all segments of society within the framework of banking company Act and rules and regulations laid down by our central bank. Diversification of products and services include Corporate Banking, Retail Banking and Consumer Banking. Prime Bank Ltd. was designed to provide commercial and investment banking services to all types of customer ranging from small entrepreneur to big business firms. Besides investment in trade and commerce, the Bank participates in the socioeconomic development through the participation in priority sectors like agriculture, Industry, housing and self-employment. Prime Bank Ltd. want to establish, maintain, carry on transact Undertake and conduct all types of banking, financial all investment and trust business in Bangladesh and abroad. 2. 2 Mission of PBL To build Prime Bank Limited into an efficient, market driven, customer focused institution with good corporate governance structure. Continuous improvement in our business policies, procedures and efficiency through integration of technology at all levels. 2. 3 Goals and Objectives of PBL Maximization of Profit through customer satisfaction is the main objective of the Bank. In addition, the others relevant objectives are: ? To be market leaders in high quality banking products and services. ? Active excellence in customer service through providing the most modern and advance technology in the different spheres of banking. To participate in the industrial development of the country to encourage the new and educated young entrepreneurs to under take productive venture and demonstrate their creativity and there by participate in the national development ? To provide credit facilities to the small and medium size entrepreneur located in urban sub-Urban area and easily accessible by our branches. ? To develop saving attitude and making acquaintance with modern banking facilities. ? To inspire for undertaking small projects for creation employment through income generating activities. To play a significant role in the economic development of the country. 2. 4 Organogram of Prime Bank Limited 2. 5 Hierarchy of Prime Bank Limited 2. 6 Business Activities of PBL Prime Bank Limited provides a full range of products and services to its customers, some of which are mentioned below with a brief overview of the major business activities. Consumer Finance There are branches and finance centers under this division with a qualitative workforce of employees. Some of the services provided by this division are unsecured personal loans, credit cards, and vehicle related lease etc. Personal Banking There are branches with highly qualified workforce provide various kinds of loans, various types of accounts, cheques, card money etc. Corporate Banking institutional Banking There are some branches under this division. The services provided by this division are International Trade Management, Institutional Banking, Custody and Cash Management. Custodial Service PBL equator fulfills its strategic commitment to provide custody and clearing services. Equatorââ¬â¢s main focus is on the following: ? Commitment to quality ? Dedication to customer needs Sustained investment in people and systems International Trade Management This division is operational throughout the group and PBLââ¬â¢s core strength is trade finance and services. With an experience Prime Bank has developed knowledge of trade finance, which is world class. Principle services to importers include imports letter of credit, import bills for collection and back to back letters of credit facilities. Se rvices provide to exporters include export letters of credit, direct export bills for collection, bulk letter of credit collection, bonds, and guarantees. Cash Management Prime Bank recognizes the importance of cash management to corporate and financial institutional customers, and offers a comprehensive range of services and liquidity management. Institutional Banking Through Prime Bank it is very well positioned to provide a wide range of services to institutional clients, commercial, merchant and central banks; brokers and dealers; insurance companies; funds and managers, and others. It provides relationship managers who are close to their customers and speak local language. This wide network of institutional banking facilities includes transaction, introduction, problem solving and renders advice and guidelines on local trading condition. Treasury Treasury operations had been consideration as an important avenue for income generation purpose within Head Office. In fact, in the past, income from treasury operation was quite sizable and significant to the total income generated by the bank. The treasury division publishes daily and weekly currency news letters, which provide analyses of currency trends and related issues. Seminars and workshops are conducted for customers from time to time on foreign exchange related topics. Customers can also have access to bankââ¬â¢s information database round the clock through phone banking. Prime Bank is one of the first local banks in Bangladesh to integrate treasury dealings of local money market and foreign currency under one Treasury umbrella. The bank has handled significant volumes of treasury over the last several years. Prime Banks Dealing Room is connected with automated Reuters Terminal facility thus enabling the bank to provide forward/future facilities to its corporate clients at a very competitive rate. In 2004 the treasury operation recorded an income of TK 180. 12 million excluding money market income of TK 72. 25 million. Electronic Banking Electronic Banking provides various types of support through a wide range of operating systems, sweeping transactions accessions with the provisions of reporting features or other special functions. Foreign Exchange Business Over the years, foreign trade operations of the bank played a pivotal role in the overall business development of the bank. The bank has established relationship with as many as 110 new foreign correspondents abroad thereby raising the total number of correspondents to 350. The total import business handled by the bank during the year 2004 was tk 19564 million against taka 13428 million of the year 2003. The growth rate was 46%. The bank has also entered into remittance arrangements with several banks and exchange houses and expects to handle increased volume of remittance business over the near future. Online Branch Banking The bank has set up a Wide Area Network (WAN) across the country to provide online branch banking facility to its valued clients. Under the scheme clients of any branch shall be able to do banking transaction at other branches of the bank. Under this system a client will be able to do following type of transactions: ? Cash withdrawal from his/her account at any branch of the bank irrespective of the location. ? Cash deposit in his/her account at any branch of the bank irrespective of the location. ? Cash deposit in otherââ¬â¢s account at any branch of the bank irrespective of the location. ? Transfer of money from his/her account with any branch of the bank. SWIFT Prime Bank limited is one of the first few Bangladeshi banks, which have become member of SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) in 1999. SWIFT is a member-owned co-operative, which provides a fast and accurate communication network for financial transactions such as Letters of Credit, Fund Transfer etc. By becoming a member of SWIFT, the bank has opened up possibilities for uninterrupted connectivity with over 5,700 user institutions in 150 countries around the world. Information Technology in Banking Operation Prime Bank limited adopted automation in banking operation from the first day of its operation. The main objective of this automation is to provide efficient and prompt services to the banks clients. At present all the branches of the bank are computerized. At branch level, the bank is using server-based multi-user software under UNIX operating system to provide best security of automation. Profitability and Shareholder Satisfaction The bank had been one of the most profitable in the banking sector. The banks return on assets (ROA) crossed 3. 75 percent in the year 2004. Even though the capital market of the country has been suffering over the last few years, the good performance of Prime Bank made sure that the banks share price remained in a respectable position. 2. 7 Products and Services of Prime Bank Limited Prime bank Limited offers various kinds of deposit products and loan schemes. The bank also has highly qualified professional staff members who have the capability to manage and meet all the requirements of the bank. Every account is assigned to an account manager who personally takes care of it and is available for discussion and inquiries, whether one writes, telephones or calls. Deposit Products ? Monthly Contributory Savings Schemes(CSS) ? Monthly Benefit Deposit Receipt(MBDR) ? Special Deposit Receipt Scheme(SDR) ? Education Savings Scheme(ESS) ? Fixed Deposit Receipt Scheme(FDR) ? Current Account ? Savings account ? Short Term Deposit ? Multi Currency Account Loan Schemes: ? General Loan Scheme Consumer Credit Scheme ? Lease Finance ? House Building Loan Apartment Loan Scheme ? Advance against Shares ? Custodial Services for investors (both individual institutional) investing in through Stock exchange ? One stop services for payment of utility bills. ? Credit card 2. 8 Financial Position of Prime Bank Limited The financial position for the last three y ears of Prime Bank Limited is given below: (Taka in million) |Particulars |2007 |2008 |2009 | |Total Deposits |16481. 0 |20483. 23 |28069. 24 | |Loans and Advances |12686. 85 |16492. 22 |23219. 67 | |Investment |1996. 23 |2749. 71 |3083. 81 | |Foreign Exchange Business |31753. 70 |41930. 80 |56248. 80 | |Operating Income |1196. 20 |1593. 9 |1970. 37 | |Operating Expenditure |448. 36 |592. 28 |824. 23 | |Operating Profit |747. 84 |1001. 41 |1146. 14 | |Total Assets |19358. 93 |24249. 13 |32361. 62 | |Market value per share |307. 51 |374. 25 |879. 0 | |No of Branches |27 |30 |36 | |No of Employees |730 |777 |894 | |No of Shareholders |1727 |1993 |2620 | |No of Foreign Correspondences |422 |441 |501 | 3. 1 Literature Review . 1. 1 Service Quality Lehtinen and Lehtinen (1982) defined service quality in terms of physical quality, interactive quality and corporate (image) quality. Physical quality relates to the tangible aspects of the service. Interactive quality involves the interactive nature of services and refers to the two-way flow that occurs between the customer and the service provider, or his/her representative, including both automated and animated interactions. Corporate quality refers to the image attributed to a service provider by its current and potential customers, as well as other publics. Lewis and Booms (1983) definition clearly states that service is a measure of how well the service level delivered matches customer expectations and delivering quality service means conforming to customer expectation on a consistent basis. In some earlier studies, researchers define service quality as the extent to which a service meets customers needs or expectations (Lewis Mitchell, 1990; Dotchin Oakland, 1994; Asubonteng, McCleary, Swan, 1996; Wisniewski and Donnelly, 1996). Zeithaml (1987) defined that service quality is the consumers judgment about an entitys overall excellence or superiority. It is a form of attitude, and results from a comparison of expectations to perceptions of performance received. Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman (1990) on the other hand, have chosen to define service quality as the extent of the discrepancy between customers expectations or desires and their perceptions. Service quality has been also defined as the consumers overall impression of the relative inferiority or superiority of the organization and services (Zeithaml et al. 1990; Taylor Baker, 1994). Christopher, Payne, and Ballantyne (1993) have defined service quality as the ability of the organization to meet or exceed customer expectations. Service quality is believed to depend on the gap between expected and perceived performance (Anderson, Fornell, Lehmann, 1994). Gitlow, Oppenheim, and Oppenheim (1989) also stated that service quality is the extent to which t he customer or users believe the service surpasses their needs and expectations. Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1985) proposed that service quality is a function of the differences between expectation and performance along the quality dimensions. Service quality has been also defined as a consumer attitude reflecting the perceived overall superiority and excellence in the process and outcome of a service provider (Parasuraman et al. , 1988). Gronroos (2001) recently defined service quality as a mixture of three elements: quality of the consumption process itself, the quality of the outcome of the process; and image of the provider of the service. Service quality has become an increasingly important factor for success and survival in the banking sector. Provision of high quality service aids in meeting several requirements such as customer satisfaction and its consequent loyalty and market share, soliciting new customers, improved productivity, financial performance and profitability (Collet et al. , 1990; Julian and Ramaseshan, 1994; Lewis, 1989, 1993; Llosa et al. , 1998). Bank Service quality has become an important factor in determining market shares and profitability (Andereson et al. , 1994; Spathis, Kosmidou, Doumpous, 2002). . 1. 2 Service Quality Dimensions Since a conceptual model concerning perceived service quality was proposed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1985), service quality dimensions have become an area of interest in marketing research (Bolton Drew, 1991b; Brown Swartz, 1989; Carman, 1990; Cronin Taylor, 1992, 1994; Parasuraman et al. , 1988, 1994; Teas, 1993, 1994; Zeithaml et al. , 1996). One o f the important issues related to service quality is the dimensions of service quality, and the measurement tool, SERVQUAL developed by Parasuraman et al. 1988) has been the starting point of the controversy in this area. Parasuraman et al. (1988) identify five quality dimensions which link specific service characteristics to consumer expectations of quality. These five basic dimensions are: (1) Reliability: Reliability is defined as the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately (Parasuraman et al. , 1988). Reliability involves consistency of performance and dependability. It means that the firm performs the service right first time. It also means that the firm honors its promises. Specifically it involves: accuracy in billing; keeping records correctly; performing the service at the designated time. (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, Berry, 1985) Reliability basically refers to the extent to which the retail service provides what was promised when it was promised (Dabholkar, Thorpe, Rentz, 1996). Zeithaml et al. (1990) defined reliability as the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. (2) Responsiveness: It is defined as the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service (Parasuraman et al. , 1988). It Concerns the willingness or readiness of employees to provide services. Responsiveness involves timeliness of service like: posting a transaction slip immediately; returning a phone call quickly; giving prompt service; setting up appointments quickly. According to Zeithaml et al. (1990) responsiveness refers to the motivation to help (internal) customers and provide prompt service to them. (3) Assurance: Parasuraman et al. , (1988) defined assurance as the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence. Assurance involves trustworthiness, believability, honesty. It involves having the customerââ¬â¢s best interests at heart. Contributing to credibility includes company name; company reputation; personal characteristics of the contact personnel; how much a hard sell is employed in interactions with the customer (Parasuraman et al. , 1985). Zeithaml et al. (1990) defined assurance as the awareness and good manners of the employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence to the customers. 4) Empathy: According to Parasuraman et al. , (1988) empathy is defined as caring and individualized attention provided to customers. Empathy refers to graciousness, respect, consideration and friendliness of contact personnel including receptionists, telephone operators, etc. It includes: consideration for the consumersââ¬â¢ property; clean and neat appearance of the contact personnel. (5) Tangibles: Tangibles are the physical facilities, equipment, and appearance of personnel in servic es (Parasuraman et al. , 1988). It includes all the physical evidence of the service: facilities; appearance of personnel; tools or equipment used to provide the service; physical representations of the services (e. g. statements); other customers. Zeithaml et al. (1990) stated that tangibles are the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materials. Tangibles of service are the tangible facets of the service facility (equipment, machinery, signage, employee appearance, etc. ) or the man-made physical environment, popularly known as the ââ¬Å"servicescapesâ⬠(Sureshchandar, Rajendran, Anantharaman, 2003). . 1 Comparative Analysis on Service Quality For comparative analysis, the data retrieved from the perception score given by the customers of Prime Bank Limited, Dhaka Bank ltd, Southeast Bank Ltd and Mercantile Bank Ltd are analyzed in the current study. By analyzing the mean value of the results the researcher intends to find which Banks customer service quality is more a ppreciable to the customers. The comparative analysis is based on the mean score of the actual score given by the customers on the items of each of the service quality dimensions. 4. 1. Comparative Analysis on Reliability dimension: In reliability dimension the customers were asked to give score about their perception on the basis of five scale items. The following Table 1 shows the comparative results in the reliability dimension for Prime Bank Limited, Dhaka Bank Ltd, Southeast Bank Ltd and Mercantile Bank Ltd. The result shows that Prime Bank receives maximum scores in four scale items except the one which asks whether the bank provides its services at the time it promises to do so. For that particular scale item Prime Bank receives a mean score of 4. 95 whereas the mean score for Dhaka Bank is 5. . Table 1: Mean Quality Scores of Prime bank Limited, Dhaka Bank Ltd, Southeast Bank Ltd and Mercantile Bank Ltd for Reliability dimension |Perception Statements in Reliability Dimensio n |Prime |Dhaka |Southeast Bank |Mercantile Bank | | |Bank |Bank | | | |1. When your bank promises to do something by a |5. 7 |5. 3 |4. 75 |5. 3 | |certain time, it does so. | | | | |2. When you have a problem, your bank shows a |5. 2 |4. 95 |4. 3 |4. 45 | |sincere interest in solving it. | | | | | |3. Your bank performs the right service at first |5. 2 |4. 45 |4. 7 |4. 80 | |time. | | | | | |4. Your bank provides its services at the time it |4. 95 |5. |4. 55 |4. 6 | |promises to do so. | | | | | |5. Your bank keeps you informed about when services |5. 2 |4. 4 |4. 45 |4. 6 | |will be performed. | | | | | In terms of scale item 1 the customers of Prime Bank have relatively high perception than the customers of other banks as the bank does the work within the promised time. Prime Bank receives a mean score of 5. in this aspect while Dhaka Bank, Southeast Bank, and Mercantile Bank receive 5. 3, 4. 75, and 5. 3 respectively. Prime Bank also receives a mean score of 5. 2 as the bank show s sincere interest to solve the problems of the customers than the other banks do. Prime Bank also receives a comparatively high mean score in the aspect of that the bank keeps customers informed about when services will be performed. 4. 1. 2 Comparative Analysis on Responsiveness dimension: The responsiveness dimension consists of three items. The following Table 2 shows the comparative results in the responsiveness dimensions for the banks. The result shows that Prime Bank receives comparatively low scores in all three items of the dimension. The mean score of Prime Bank for scale item 6 is 4. 65 which is lower than Dhaka Bank and Southeast Bank. Table 2: Mean Quality Scores of Prime bank Limited, Dhaka Bank Ltd, Southeast Bank Ltd rhondatayl68http://www.blogger.com/profile/02320548949516893850noreply@blogger.com0